Prenanthes altissima |
Prenanthes alba |
|
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prenanthe élevée, tall rattlesnakeroot |
prenanthe blanche, white lettuce, white rattlesnake-root |
|
Habit | Plants 40–250 cm; taproots thickened, knotty, tuberous. | Plants 20–175 cm; taproots short and thickened, fibrous. |
Stems | erect, greenish to purplish, glabrous proximally, often tomentulose distally. |
erect, often mottled purple or nearly all purple (often with stout bases, 8–12 mm diam.), proximally glabrous, tomentulose distally. |
Leaves | proximal present at flowering; petioles winged; blades usually ovate or triangular, 4–15 × 2–16 cm, thin, bases truncate to hastate or cordate, margins entire or shallowly dentate, often deeply 3-lobed, faces glabrous or with scattered hairs on veins; distal reduced in size and lobing. |
proximal present at flowering; petioles narrowly winged (to 18 cm); blades usually ovate to triangular or cordate, 4–30 × 3–18 cm, thin to coriaceous, bases often hastate, margins usually coarsely dentate or serrate, sometimes deeply 3-lobed or parted, lobes acute, faces glabrous adaxially, pale to whitish and sometimes hirsute abaxially; distal reduced. |
Involucres | cylindric, 9–14 × 2–3 mm. |
cylindric to campanulate, 13–15 × 3–5 mm. |
Florets | (4–)5(–6); corollas pale yellow to greenish yellow, 7–15 mm. |
7–9(–13); corollas whitish to pale pink, lavender or red, 9–15 mm. |
Phyllaries | (4–)5(–6), pale green, often blackish at bases and apices, linear to lanceolate, 10–12 mm, glabrous or sparsely hairy. |
(6–)8(–9), ± purplish or maroon, lanceolate, 10–13 mm, margins scarious, minutely ciliate, apices acute, faces glabrous. |
Calyculi | of 4–6, blackish, triangular bractlets 1–4 mm, glabrous. |
of 5–7, triangular to lanceolate bractlets 1–3 mm, glabrous. |
Heads | in narrow or spreading, paniculiform arrays. |
(3–8, in clusters) in paniculiform arrays (densest near apices). |
Cypselae | brown to tan, subcylindric, subterete, 4–5 mm, indistinctly 5–10-ribbed; pappi usually whitish or pale yellow, sometimes reddish brown, 5–6 mm. |
brown or tan, elliptical to linear, 3.5–6 mm; pappi usually reddish brown, sometimes rusty, rarely yellowish, 6–7 mm. |
2n | = 16. |
= 32. |
Prenanthes altissima |
Prenanthes alba |
|
Phenology | Flowering Aug–Nov. | Flowering Aug–Oct. |
Habitat | Open deciduous hardwood or mixed woods, shaded slopes, bluffs, disturbed areas, roadsides | Sandy oak-scrub, open oak-hickory woods, deciduous forests, dunes, creek banks, road cuts |
Elevation | 50–800 m (200–2600 ft) | 100–200 m (300–700 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; CT; DE; GA; IL; IN; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MO; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; VT; WV; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC
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AR; CT; DE; GA; IA; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; NC; ND; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; SD; TN; VA; VT; WI; WV; MB; ON; QC; SK
|
Discussion | Prenanthes altissima is recognized by its narrow involucres with 5 pale green, glabrous phyllaries, (4–)5(–6) florets, and pale yellow to greenish yellow corollas. Pappi in this species are most commonly whitish or pale yellow. Specimens with reddish brown to orange pappi have been recognized as var. cinnamomea, found in Arkansas, Louisiana, and Missouri. Specimens with densely hairy stems and pale yellow pappi have been recognized as var. hispidula, found mostly in New York, New England, and adjacent Canada. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Prenanthes alba is recognized by the purplish stems, relatively large, coarse, ovate or triangular leaves, relatively long, winged petioles, glabrous and often purple phyllaries, and usually reddish brown pappi. The leaves are variable, occasionally deeply 3-lobed. W. L. Milstead (1964) recognized specimens with a pale yellow pappi as “subsp. pallida,” distributed on the east coast in New Jersey, Virginia, and North Carolina. Because pappus color tends to fade somewhat on herbarium specimens, that character is difficult to assess on older specimens. The name was not validly published. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 19, p. 266. | FNA vol. 19, p. 266. |
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Cichorieae > Prenanthes | Asteraceae > tribe Cichorieae > Prenanthes |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Nabalus altissimus, P. altissima var. cinnamomea, P. altissima var. hispidula | Nabalus albus |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 797. (1753) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 798. (1753) |
Web links |