Prenanthes alata |
Prenanthes altissima |
|
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western rattlesnake-root, white or western white lettuce, wing-leaf rattlesnakeroot |
prenanthe élevée, tall rattlesnakeroot |
|
Habit | Plants 15–80 cm; taproots slender to thickened, tuberous. | Plants 40–250 cm; taproots thickened, knotty, tuberous. |
Stems | 1(–10), erect or ascending, green to purple, usually simple, glabrous or glabrate proximally, tomentulose distally. |
erect, greenish to purplish, glabrous proximally, often tomentulose distally. |
Leaves | proximal present at flowering; petioles winged (2–6 cm); blades triangular to irregularly elliptic, 3–25 × 1–7 cm, thin or slightly coriaceous, bases abruptly constricted, truncate to slightly hastate, margins irregularly dentate or coarsely serrate, apices acute to acuminate, faces glabrate; distal sessile, ovate to lanceolate, reduced. |
proximal present at flowering; petioles winged; blades usually ovate or triangular, 4–15 × 2–16 cm, thin, bases truncate to hastate or cordate, margins entire or shallowly dentate, often deeply 3-lobed, faces glabrous or with scattered hairs on veins; distal reduced in size and lobing. |
Involucres | narrowly campanulate, 10–13 × 5–6 mm. |
cylindric, 9–14 × 2–3 mm. |
Florets | 7–16; corollas white to purplish, 9–16 mm. |
(4–)5(–6); corollas pale yellow to greenish yellow, 7–15 mm. |
Phyllaries | 8, green to dark green, lanceolate, 8–11 mm, margins scarious, apices acute, finely tomentulose. |
(4–)5(–6), pale green, often blackish at bases and apices, linear to lanceolate, 10–12 mm, glabrous or sparsely hairy. |
Calyculi | of 2–3, dark green, lanceolate or subulate bractlets 1–3 mm, glabrous or finely tomentulose. |
of 4–6, blackish, triangular bractlets 1–4 mm, glabrous. |
Heads | (10–17) in broad, corymbiform arrays, lateral branches often elongate and overtopping main stems. |
in narrow or spreading, paniculiform arrays. |
Cypselae | brown to light tan, subcylindric, 4–7 mm, weakly 7–10-ribbed; pappi pale yellow to dull white, 8–10 mm. |
brown to tan, subcylindric, subterete, 4–5 mm, indistinctly 5–10-ribbed; pappi usually whitish or pale yellow, sometimes reddish brown, 5–6 mm. |
2n | = 16. |
= 16. |
Prenanthes alata |
Prenanthes altissima |
|
Phenology | Flowering Jun–Sep. | Flowering Aug–Nov. |
Habitat | Stream banks, mountain springs, seeps, cliffs near shore, moist shady places | Open deciduous hardwood or mixed woods, shaded slopes, bluffs, disturbed areas, roadsides |
Elevation | 0–1500 m (0–4900 ft) | 50–800 m (200–2600 ft) |
Distribution |
AK; ID; MT; OR; WA; AB; BC
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AL; AR; CT; DE; GA; IL; IN; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MO; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; VT; WV; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC
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Discussion | Prenanthes alata is recognized by its relatively small size, elongate and winged petioles, triangular-hastate leaf blades, heads in broad corymbiform arrays, and dark green, finely tomentulose phyllaries. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Prenanthes altissima is recognized by its narrow involucres with 5 pale green, glabrous phyllaries, (4–)5(–6) florets, and pale yellow to greenish yellow corollas. Pappi in this species are most commonly whitish or pale yellow. Specimens with reddish brown to orange pappi have been recognized as var. cinnamomea, found in Arkansas, Louisiana, and Missouri. Specimens with densely hairy stems and pale yellow pappi have been recognized as var. hispidula, found mostly in New York, New England, and adjacent Canada. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 19, p. 266. | FNA vol. 19, p. 266. |
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Cichorieae > Prenanthes | Asteraceae > tribe Cichorieae > Prenanthes |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Nabalus alatus, Sonchus hastatus, P. lessingii | Nabalus altissimus, P. altissima var. cinnamomea, P. altissima var. hispidula |
Name authority | (Hooker) D. Dietrich: Syn. Pl. 4: 1309. (1847) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 797. (1753) |
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