Potentilla simplex |
Potentilla anachoretica |
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common cinquefoil, old-field cinquefoil, old-field five-fingers, potentille simple, simple cinquefoil |
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Stems | initially erect to ascending to 5 dm, then arching above ground-level, becoming prostrate, flagelliform, not branched, rooting at distal nodes, (0.5–)1.5–12 dm. |
erect, 1–3 dm. |
Basal leaves | persistent or ephemeral, usually palmate, 3.5–20 cm; petiole 1–15 cm, long hairs ± abundant, appressed to spreading, (0.5–)1–3 mm, weak to ± stiff, glands absent or sparse, sometimes common; leaflets 5(–7), central narrowly elliptic to obovate, 1.5–5 × 0.5–2.5 cm, distal 1/2–3/4 of margin incised 1/4–1/3 to midvein, teeth 4–8(–13) per side, surfaces similar to ± dissimilar, abaxial green to silvery white, sparsely to abundantly hairy, adaxial green, glabrate or sparsely to moderately hairy. |
pinnate, (4–)5–10(–14) cm; petiole 3–7(–10) cm, long hairs abundant, subappresssed to appressed, 0.5–2 mm, ± weak, short hairs absent, crisped or cottony hairs absent or sparse, glands absent or sparse; leaflets 2–3 per side, on distal 1/3–1/2 of leaf axis, separate, terminal ones elliptic to obovate, (1.8–)2–2.5(–3) × 0.8–1.3 cm, margins revolute, incised nearly to midvein, undivided medial blade 1–2 mm wide, teeth (4–)5–7 per side, linear, surfaces ± dissimilar, abaxial grayish to white, long hairs ± abundant especially on veins, 1–1.5 mm, weak, short hairs absent, crisped hairs abundant to dense, glands absent or obscured, adaxial greenish gray, long hairs common, appressed, 0.5–1 mm, short hairs absent, crisped hairs absent or sparse, glands absent or obscured. |
Cauline leaves | (0–)1 proximal to 1st flowering node, well expanded at anthesis, usually palmate, 2.5–6(–9) cm; petiole 0–2(–4) cm; leaflets (3–)5, often more elongate than those of basal leaves, ± elliptic to oblanceolate, sometimes obovate, 1.5–6(–7.5) × 0.5–2(–3) cm, apex acute to obtuse. |
1–2. |
Inflorescences | solitary flowers at stolon nodes. |
2–5-flowered, very open. |
Pedicels | 1–5(–8.5) cm. |
2–4 cm. |
Flowers | 5(–6)-merous; epicalyx bractlets linear to narrowly lanceolate, 2–5 × 1–1.5(–2) mm, often larger than sepals (especially in bud); hypanthium 3–5 mm diam.; sepals 4–6 mm, apex broadly acute; petals 4–7 × 3–6 mm, apex rounded to ± retuse; stamens ca. 20, filaments 0.5–2 mm, anthers 0.6–1 mm; carpels 20–50, styles 0.8–1.5 mm. |
epicalyx bractlets narrowly elliptic to linear, 3–4 × 0.5–0.8(–1) mm, lengths 2/3–3/4 times sepals, margins flat; hypanthium 2.5–3 mm diam.; sepals 3.5–5 mm, apex subacute, abaxial surfaces: venation indistinct, glands sparse to common, often obscured; petals yellow, 7.5–10(–10.5) × 7.5–9(–10) mm, much exceeding sepals; filaments 1–2 mm, anthers 0.5–0.7 mm; carpels 50–60, styles papillate-swollen at very base, if at all, 0.8–0.9 mm. |
Achenes | 0.9–1.2 mm, faintly rugose. |
1.4–1.6 mm, smooth to faintly rugose. |
Rootstocks | horizontal, irregularly thickened or moniliform, 1–8 cm. |
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2n | = 28 (14, 42, 56) (Russian Far East). |
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Potentilla simplex |
Potentilla anachoretica |
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Phenology | Flowering (Mar–)Apr–Jul(–Aug). | Flowering summer. |
Habitat | Dry or infrequently moist flats and slopes in pastures, dry meadows, roadsides, old fields, edges of mixed oak and conifer woodlands, often on acidic soil | Dry ridges, rocky outcrops, south-facing slopes, mainly on basic substrates |
Elevation | 0–800 m (0–2600 ft) | 500 m (1600 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; SPM
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AK; e Asia (Russian Far East) |
Discussion | The distinction between Potentilla simplex and P. canadensis is subtle, and the former is often misidentified as the latter; additional features to distinguish the two species are provided by M. L. Fernald (1931). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Potentilla anachoretica is isolated in sect. Pensylvanicae. B. A. Jurtzev (1993, pers. comm.) claimed indirect support for the presence of P. anachoretica in Alaska and Yukon by the presence of three hybrid species presumably involving P. anachoretica in their parentage: P. borealis Soják, P. murrayi Jurtzev, and P. petrovskyi Soják (sect. Rubricaules; discussed by B. Ertter et al. 2013). Potentilla anachoretica is confirmed from at least two sites in Brooks Range, northern Alaska. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 134. | FNA vol. 9, p. 218. |
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Potentilleae > Potentilla > sect. Potentilla | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Potentilleae > Potentilla > sect. Pensylvanicae |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | P. canadensis var. simplex, P. simplex var. argyrisma, P. simplex var. calvescens | |
Name authority | Michaux: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 303. (1803) | Soják: Preslia 46: 70, fig. [p. 71]. (1974) |
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