Potentilla rivalis |
Potentilla fragiformis |
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brook cinquefoil, brook or river cinquefoil, river cinquefoil, streambank cinquefoil |
strawberry cinquefoil |
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Habit | Plants tufted to cushion-forming; caudex branches short, stout, diam. 1–1.5(–2) cm, including old leaf bases. | |
Stems | decumbent to erect, sometimes prostrate, (0.5–)1–4(–7) dm, hairs at base not stiff, not tubercle-based, glands absent or sparse, inconspicuous. |
ascending to erect, 0.3–1.5(–2) dm, lengths 1–2 times basal leaves. |
Leaves | ternate, palmate, or subpalmate (with distal leaflets ± confluent), basal 3–15(–25) cm, cauline 2–7(–12) cm; petiole: basal 1–9(–16) cm, cauline 0.5–4(–8) cm, long hairs usually common to abundant, ascending to spreading, 0.5–1.5 mm, usually ± weak, ± crisped hairs common to abundant, glands absent or sparse, inconspicuous; leaflets 3–5(–7), at tip to distal 1/5 (basal) or 1/2 (cauline) of leaf axis, separate to ± overlapping, largest ones oblanceolate-elliptic to obovate, (0.5–)1–5(–6) × 0.5–2(–2.5) cm, distal 1/2–3/4 of margin evenly to unevenly incised 1/3–1/2 to midvein, sometimes cleft nearly to base, teeth 3–8 per side, surfaces moderately to abundantly hairy, glands absent or sparse. |
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Basal leaves | not in ranks, ternate, (1–)4–10(–15) cm; stipules: apex acute to obtuse; petiole (0.3–)2–11(–13) cm, long hairs abundant, ascending to spreading, 1–2.3 mm, soft, glands sparse to common; leaflets 3, central obovate, 0.7–2.5 × 0.5–1.6 cm, petiolule 0–1 mm, margins revolute, not lobed, distal 1/2–2/3 evenly incised ± 1/3 to midvein, teeth 2–3(–4) per side, surfaces ± similar, green (paler abaxially), hairs common, 1–1.5 mm, glands common (sparser adaxially). |
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Inflorescences | (5–)20–100+-flowered. |
1–3-flowered. |
Pedicels | 0.2–1(–2) cm. |
straight, 0.5–2 cm in flower, to 3.5 cm in fruit. |
Flowers | epicalyx bractlets narrowly elliptic to ovate, (1.5–)2–4(–6) × 0.8–1.5 mm; hypanthium (2–)3–5 mm diam.; sepals 3–5 mm, apex broadly acute to obtuse; petals pale yellow to yellow, broadly oblong-obovate, 1.5–2 × 1 mm; stamens (5–)10(–15), filaments 0.4–0.9 mm, anthers 0.2–0.3 mm; carpels 40–100, styles 0.5–0.6 mm. |
epicalyx bractlets oblong, 3–7 × 1.2–2.5 mm, margins revolute; hypanthium 4–6 mm diam.; sepals 4–6(–7) mm, apex broadly acute to obtuse; petals yellow, 9–12 × 8–10 mm; filaments (2–)2.8–3.2 mm, anthers 0.5–0.8 mm; carpels 40–50, styles filiform, not or scarcely papillate-swollen proximally, 1.7–2 mm. |
Achenes | yellowish, 0.7–0.9 mm, ± smooth, without a corky protuberance. |
1.3–1.5. |
2n | = 14, 70. |
= 42, 56 (Russian Far East). |
Potentilla rivalis |
Potentilla fragiformis |
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Phenology | Flowering spring–summer. | Flowering late spring–summer. |
Habitat | Moist meadows, stream banks, lakeshores, gravel bars in flood plains, drying marshes, open areas in river-bottom forests | Leymus-Potentilla sand dunes, coastal gravel bars, beach ridges |
Elevation | 200–2400 m (700–7900 ft) | 0–10 m (0–0 ft) |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; CO; IA; ID; IL; KS; MA; MD; ME; MN; MO; MT; ND; NE; NM; NV; NY; OK; OR; SD; TX; UT; VA; WA; WI; WY; AB; BC; MB; ON; SK; Mexico (Baja California)
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AK; e Asia (Russian Far East) |
Discussion | Potentilla rivalis is most abundant in central and western North America; reports of occurrences in more eastern states (including those listed here) need confirming, as P. rivalis and P. norvegica often have been confused. Potentilla leucocarpa Rydberg was provided as a superfluous replacement name for P. millegrana; specimens annotated by Rydberg with this name include both P. biennis and P. rivalis. Potentilla rivalis is sometimes divided into three species or varieties (for example, H. J. Scoggan 1978–1979). In a strict sense, var. rivalis has subpalmately compound (5-foliate) leaves. Variety milligrana, the most common phase, has 3-foliate leaves. Plants with both 3- and 5-foliolate leaves are var. pentandra, which also tends to have five stamens, though this latter character is not correlated with the leaf features. On the Great Plains, where var. pentandra is confined, all three expressions are often found in a single population (R. L. McGregor 1986b). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Recent collections of Potentilla fragiformis in Alaska on the coast of the Bering and Chukchi seas have confirmed historical reports (P. A. Rydberg 1908d) of this Beringian species in North America. Dwarf plants from St. Lawrence Island are somewhat intermediate to P. nana but have the larger petals and longer styles of P. fragiformis. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 139. | FNA vol. 9, p. 191. |
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Potentilleae > Potentilla > sect. Rivales | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Potentilleae > Potentilla > sect. Aureae |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | P. millegrana, P. pentandra, P. rivalis var. millegrana, P. rivalis var. pentandra | |
Name authority | Nuttall: in J. Torrey and A. Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 437. (1840) | D. F. K. Schlechtendal: Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin Mag. Neuesten Entdeck. Gesammten Naturk. 7: 294. (1816) |
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