Potentilla nana |
Potentilla drummondii |
|
---|---|---|
arctic cinquefoil, dwarf cinquefoil |
Drummond's cinquefoil |
|
Habit | Plants densely tufted; caudex branches short, slender to ± stout, diam. 0.5–1 cm, including old leaf bases. | |
Glands | usually absent or inconspicuous, rarely conspicuous, uncolored. |
|
Stems | ascending to erect, 0.1–0.5(–0.7) dm, lengths 1–2 times basal leaves. |
decumbent to nearly erect, 1.5–4.5(–6) dm. |
Basal leaves | not in ranks, ternate, 1–5 cm; stipules: apex acute; petiole 0.5–3.5 cm, long hairs sparse to abundant, ascending to spreading, 0.5–2 mm, ± soft, glands sparse to common; leaflets 3, central obovate, 0.5–2 × 0.5–1 cm, petiolule 0–1 mm, margins revolute, not lobed, distal 1/2–2/3 evenly incised ± 1/2 to midvein, teeth 3–4(–6) per side, surfaces ± similar, green (paler abaxially), hairs sparse to abundant, 0.8–1.2 mm, glands sparse to common. |
sometimes 2-ranked, subpinnate to pinnate (proximal leaflets often doubled, distal leaflets confluent and/or decurrent), (4–)10–25 cm; petiole 1–10(–15) cm, long hairs absent or sparse to abundant, appressed, 1–1.5 mm, usually stiff, short, crisped, and cottony hairs usually absent, glands absent or (regionally) abundant; leaflets 5–9, on distal 1/10–1/2(–3/4) of leaf axis, separate to ± overlapping, largest ones obovate to cuneate, (1–)2–5 × (0.7–)1–3(–3.5) cm, margins flat, distal 1/2–3/4 unevenly, sometimes evenly, incised ± 1/2 to midvein (often with additional incisions nearly to midvein), undivided medial blade 3–15 mm wide, teeth 3–7 per side (sometimes secondarily toothed), linear to lanceolate, 3–10 mm, surfaces similar, green, not glaucous, long hairs nearly absent or sparse to common (sometimes restricted to abaxial veins), short, crisped, and cottony hairs usually absent, glands usually absent, sometimes regionally abundant. |
Cauline leaves | 1–3. |
|
Inflorescences | 1(–2)-flowered. |
3–15-flowered. |
Pedicels | straight, 0.2–1.5 cm in flower, to 5 cm in fruit. |
1–3(–6.5) cm. |
Flowers | epicalyx bractlets oblong or ovate, 2.5–5 × 1.5–3.5 mm, margins revolute; hypanthium 3–3.5 mm diam.; sepals 2.5–5 mm, apex ± acute; petals pale yellow, 4–8 × 4–6 mm; filaments 1.2–2 mm, anthers 0.3–0.4 mm; carpels 40–50, styles ± columnar, not or scarcely papillate-swollen proximally, 0.8–1.2 mm. |
epicalyx bractlets lanceolate to narrowly elliptic, 3–5 × 1–1.6 mm, hairs usually sparse, appressed to ascending, glands usually absent, sometimes regionally sparse to common; hypanthium (3–)4–6(–7) mm diam.; sepals 5–10 mm, apex acute to acuminate; petals (6–)7–12 × 5–10 mm; filaments 2–3.5 mm, anthers 0.7–1 mm; carpels (20–)25–40, styles filiform above papillate-swollen base, 2–3 mm. |
Achenes | 1.4–1.6 mm. |
1.5–2 mm. |
2n | = 64, 92, 96, 98–108. |
|
Potentilla nana |
Potentilla drummondii |
|
Phenology | Flowering summer. | Flowering summer. |
Habitat | Alpine and coastal Dryas-Salix-Empetrum heaths, gravelly slopes, ridge crests, fellfields, scree and talus | Moist to dry meadows and adjacent slopes, in conifer woodlands, alpine tundra communities |
Elevation | 100–1100 m (300–3600 ft) | 300–3000 m (1000–9800 ft) |
Distribution |
AK; BC
|
AK; CA; MT; OR; WA; AB; BC
|
Discussion | Potentilla nana has most often been considered a race of P. hyparctica or as the priority name for P. hyparctica. As now defined, P. nana occurs in an arc across southern Alaska, from the Aleutian and Pribilof islands to the Alaskan panhandle and adjacent British Columbia. T. Wolf (1908) treated it as a dwarf form of P. fragiformis; J. Soják (1996) interpreted P. nana as a hybrid species originating from cross(es) between P. fragiformis and P. hyparctica. Although the hybrid hypothesis has morphologic support, P. nana has a unique combination of morphologic features and has a distinct range from both P. fragiformis and P. hyparctica. The species are also ecologically segregated: P. nana is a coastal heath and gravel slope species, like P. hyparctica; P. fragiformis is strictly maritime coastal. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
The present circumscription of Potentilla drummondii differs from that of B. Ertter (1992, 1993), which encompassed P. breweri and P. bruceae as varieties (see 28. P. bruceae discussion for details). The description above focuses on large, eglandular, subpinnate plants that occur in mountains from the central Sierra Nevada and northern Coast Ranges of California to the Olympic Peninsula of Washington, east to southern Alberta. At least some collections previously identified as P. glaucophylla (as P. diversifolia Lehmann) from the Kenai Peninsula in Alaska can be readily accommodated within this concept, as can collections from the Cabinet Mountains in Montana. The distinction between P. drummondii and subpalmate P. glaucophylla can be vague; in general, the proximalmost leaflets of P. glaucophylla are relatively small and often entire; in P. drummondii proximalmost leaflets are similar in size and dissection to other leaflets. Pinnate-leaved regional variants merit further attention; in particular the smaller form described as Potentilla cascadensis, and glandular plants in the northern Coast Ranges of California. Relatively small plants forming uniform populations in the southern Sierra Nevada may represent stabilized hybrids with P. breweri. The inclusion of Potentilla bruceae and P. drummondii in sect. Graciles differs from that of J. Clausen et al. (1940) and B. C. Johnston (1980, 1985), who allied both species with P. breweri in sect. Multijugae. Although subpalmate to subpinnate leaves are anomalous in primarily palmate sect. Graciles, doubled proximal leaflets and an indistinct transition between the rachis and axis of the pinnatisect terminal leaflet in these two species suggest that this state is derived from a palmate progenitor. Habit and petioles also are more compatible with sect. Graciles than sect. Multijugae. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 192. | FNA vol. 9, p. 159. |
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Potentilleae > Potentilla > sect. Aureae | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Potentilleae > Potentilla > sect. Graciles |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | P. emarginata subsp. nana | P. cascadensis, P. drummondii var. cascadensis |
Name authority | D. F. K. Schlechtendal: Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin Mag. Neuesten Entdeck. Gesammten Naturk. 7: 296. (1816) | Lehmann: Nov. Stirp. Pug. 2: 9. (1830) |
Web links |
|