Potentilla millefolia |
Rosaceae tribe Potentilleae |
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cut-leaf cinquefoil, feather cinquefoil, feather or many-leaf or Klamath cinquefoil, many leaf cinquefoil |
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Habit | Plants ± rosetted; taproots fleshy-thickened. | Herbs, perennial, rarely annual or biennial, shrubs, or subshrubs; unarmed. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | usually prostrate, sometimes ± decumbent, 0.4–2(–3) dm, lengths 1–2 times basal leaves. |
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Leaves | alternate, rarely opposite, pinnately (palmately) compound (simple in Alchemilla, Aphanes, and Chamaerhodos); stipules persistent (absent in Chamaerhodos), adnate to petiole; venation pinnate or palmate. |
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Basal leaves | pinnate with distal leaflets ± confluent, 2–15(–20) × 1–3 cm; petiole 0.5–2(–3) cm, straight hairs sparse to abundant, appressed to spreading, 0.5–1.5 mm, stiff, cottony hairs absent, glands absent or sparse; primary lateral leaflets (3–)5–13 per side, on distal 2/3–3/4+ of leaf axis, separate to overlapping, largest ones cuneate to flabellate, 0.5–1.5(–2) × 0.5–2 cm, distal 2/3 to whole margin palmately or unevenly, rarely pinnately, incised 2/3 to completely to midvein, ultimate teeth or segments (1–)2–10, linear to broadly oblanceolate, 2–10 × (0.5–)1–2 mm, apical tufts to 1 mm, surfaces green to grayish green, not glaucous, straight hairs sparse to abundant, appressed to spreading, 0.5–1.5(–2) mm, stiff, cottony hairs absent, glands sparse to common. |
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Cauline leaves | (0–)1–2. |
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Inflorescences | 3–6(–10)-flowered, loosely cymose, sometimes racemiform. |
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Pedicels | (0.5–)1–2(–4.5) cm, ± recurved in fruit. |
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Flowers | epicalyx bractlets ± elliptic, 2–4(–6) × 1–2(–2.5) mm; hypanthium 3–6 mm diam.; sepals 4–6(–8) mm, apex acute; petals 4–8(–10) × 3–7(–9) mm; filaments 2–3.5 mm, anthers 0.7–1 mm; carpels 10–30, styles (1.5–)2–3 mm. |
perianth and androecium perigynous; epicalyx bractlets present, sometimes absent; hypanthium usually patelliform, cupulate, or campanulate, sometimes turbinate, saucer-shaped, flat-bottomed, or subglobose to ellipsoid or ovoid; torus flat to conic or turbinate, enlarged (absent or reduced in Alchemilla, Aphanes, and Chamaerhodos); carpels 1–260, styles basal or lateral to subterminal, distinct; ovules 1(or 2), basal. |
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Fruits | aggregated achenes (achenes in Alchemilla and Aphanes); torus sometimes fleshy; styles deciduous or persistent, not elongate. |
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Achenes | 1.5–2 mm, smooth, often ± carunculate. |
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Potentilla millefolia |
Rosaceae tribe Potentilleae |
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Phenology | Flowering spring–summer. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Vernally to permanently wet meadows, moist openings in conifer forests and sagebrush, alkaline flats | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 700–2200 m (2300–7200 ft) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
CA; NV; OR
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North America; Mexico; Central America; South America; West Indies; Bermuda; Eurasia; Africa; Atlantic Islands; Pacific Islands; Australia |
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Discussion | Potentilla millefolia occurs from central Oregon to the east side of the Sierra Nevada of California, with a disjunct occurrence on the alkaline flats of Reese River Valley, Nevada. Significant variation occurs in vestiture type, leaflet dissection, and flower size, but with minimal geographic correlation. The most distinctive variant, represented by the type of P. klamathensis, has relatively long, slender, spreading, pustule-based hairs, often intermixed with shorter hairs. This vestiture type does not appear to be correlated with any other characters or geographic distribution and may vary within a population. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Genera 14–22, species ca. 860 (14 genera, 189 species, including 1 hybrid, in the flora area). The base chromosome number for Potentilleae is mostly x = 7 (8 in Alchemilla and Aphanes; 14 in Comarum). Variation in the number of genera recognized in Potentilleae is due to differences in generic delimitation between D. Potter et al. (2007) and the authors of Potentilla and segregates here (see 9. Ivesia and 8. Potentilla for discussion). In the former, Duchesnea, Horkelia, Horkeliella, and Ivesia are included within Potentilla. Likewise, Aphanes is included within Alchemilla by Potter et al. while it is kept distinct here. Potentilla and its segregates and Fragaria are host to Phragmidium rusts, but not the other genera of the tribe. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 174. | FNA vol. 9, p. 119. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Potentilleae > Potentilla > sect. Multijugae | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Synonyms | P. klamathensis, P. millefolia var. klamathensis, P. plattensis var. klamathensis, P. plattensis var. millefolia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | Rydberg: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 23: 433, plate 277, figs. 1–5. (1896) | Sweet: Brit. Fl. Gard. 2: sub plate 124. (1825) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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