Potentilla millefolia |
Potentilla thuringiaca |
|
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cut-leaf cinquefoil, feather cinquefoil, feather or many-leaf or Klamath cinquefoil, many leaf cinquefoil |
European cinquefoil, German cinquefoil, potentille de thuringe |
|
Habit | Plants ± rosetted; taproots fleshy-thickened. | |
Glands | sparse, uncolored, minute. |
|
Stems | usually prostrate, sometimes ± decumbent, 0.4–2(–3) dm, lengths 1–2 times basal leaves. |
1.5–5(–7) dm. |
Basal leaves | pinnate with distal leaflets ± confluent, 2–15(–20) × 1–3 cm; petiole 0.5–2(–3) cm, straight hairs sparse to abundant, appressed to spreading, 0.5–1.5 mm, stiff, cottony hairs absent, glands absent or sparse; primary lateral leaflets (3–)5–13 per side, on distal 2/3–3/4+ of leaf axis, separate to overlapping, largest ones cuneate to flabellate, 0.5–1.5(–2) × 0.5–2 cm, distal 2/3 to whole margin palmately or unevenly, rarely pinnately, incised 2/3 to completely to midvein, ultimate teeth or segments (1–)2–10, linear to broadly oblanceolate, 2–10 × (0.5–)1–2 mm, apical tufts to 1 mm, surfaces green to grayish green, not glaucous, straight hairs sparse to abundant, appressed to spreading, 0.5–1.5(–2) mm, stiff, cottony hairs absent, glands sparse to common. |
4–25(–35) cm; petiole 2–20(–25) cm, hairs sparse to common, ± spreading, 1–2.5 mm, weak, glands absent or sparse; leaflets 5–7(–9), central one narrowly to broadly oblanceolate, 1–6(–9) × 0.5–2 cm, distal 2/3–3/4+ of margin incised 1/4–1/3(–1/2) to midvein, teeth (4–)6–10(–13) per side, surfaces ± similar, abaxial green to pale green, hairs sparse to common on primary veins, ascending to spreading, 0.5–1.5 mm, weak, adaxial green, hairs more appressed and shorter. |
Cauline leaves | (0–)1–2. |
1–3; stipules fused with less than 1/3 of petiole, free portion longer than fused portion. |
Inflorescences | 3–6(–10)-flowered, loosely cymose, sometimes racemiform. |
5–20-flowered. |
Pedicels | (0.5–)1–2(–4.5) cm, ± recurved in fruit. |
1–3 cm (proximalmost to 5 cm). |
Flowers | epicalyx bractlets ± elliptic, 2–4(–6) × 1–2(–2.5) mm; hypanthium 3–6 mm diam.; sepals 4–6(–8) mm, apex acute; petals 4–8(–10) × 3–7(–9) mm; filaments 2–3.5 mm, anthers 0.7–1 mm; carpels 10–30, styles (1.5–)2–3 mm. |
epicalyx bractlets linear to lanceolate, 3–8 × 1–1.5(–2) mm; hypanthium 3–5 mm diam.; sepals 3–5 mm, apex ± acute; petals (5–)8–10 × 4–10 mm; filaments 0.3–1.5 mm, anthers 0.7–0.9 mm; carpels 35–50, styles 1.1–1.3 mm. |
Achenes | 1.5–2 mm, smooth, often ± carunculate. |
1–1.2 mm, faintly rugose. |
2n | = 42, 56 (Eurasia). |
|
Potentilla millefolia |
Potentilla thuringiaca |
|
Phenology | Flowering spring–summer. | Flowering late spring–summer. |
Habitat | Vernally to permanently wet meadows, moist openings in conifer forests and sagebrush, alkaline flats | Edges of and openings in hardwood and conifer woodlands |
Elevation | 700–2200 m (2300–7200 ft) | 0–100 m (0–300 ft) |
Distribution |
CA; NV; OR
|
RI; QC; Eurasia [Introduced in North America] |
Discussion | Potentilla millefolia occurs from central Oregon to the east side of the Sierra Nevada of California, with a disjunct occurrence on the alkaline flats of Reese River Valley, Nevada. Significant variation occurs in vestiture type, leaflet dissection, and flower size, but with minimal geographic correlation. The most distinctive variant, represented by the type of P. klamathensis, has relatively long, slender, spreading, pustule-based hairs, often intermixed with shorter hairs. This vestiture type does not appear to be correlated with any other characters or geographic distribution and may vary within a population. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Potentilla thuringiaca might be mistaken for the more widely established P. intermedia of sect. Terminales. In addition to having flowering stems lateral to persistent basal leaves, P. thuringiaca has much larger petals (mostly 8–10 mm versus 4–5 mm), 5–9 leaflets, and tubercles at the bases of the long, spreading hairs. To the Quebec records (and subsequent collections) reported by R. Cayouette (1966) is added Block Island, Rhode Island (Fernald et al. 9650, GH). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 174. | FNA vol. 9, p. 146. |
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Potentilleae > Potentilla > sect. Multijugae | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Potentilleae > Potentilla > sect. Chrysanthae |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | P. klamathensis, P. millefolia var. klamathensis, P. plattensis var. klamathensis, P. plattensis var. millefolia | P. chrysantha subsp. thuringiaca, P. goldbachii, P. nestleriana |
Name authority | Rydberg: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 23: 433, plate 277, figs. 1–5. (1896) | Bernhardi ex Link: Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 2: 64. (1822) |
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