Potentilla millefolia |
Potentilla reptans |
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cut-leaf cinquefoil, feather cinquefoil, feather or many-leaf or Klamath cinquefoil, many leaf cinquefoil |
creeping cinquefoil, potentille rampante |
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Habit | Plants ± rosetted; taproots fleshy-thickened. | |
Stems | usually prostrate, sometimes ± decumbent, 0.4–2(–3) dm, lengths 1–2 times basal leaves. |
soon becoming prostrate, flagelliform, not branched, rooting at some nodes, 1.5–10+ dm. |
Basal leaves | pinnate with distal leaflets ± confluent, 2–15(–20) × 1–3 cm; petiole 0.5–2(–3) cm, straight hairs sparse to abundant, appressed to spreading, 0.5–1.5 mm, stiff, cottony hairs absent, glands absent or sparse; primary lateral leaflets (3–)5–13 per side, on distal 2/3–3/4+ of leaf axis, separate to overlapping, largest ones cuneate to flabellate, 0.5–1.5(–2) × 0.5–2 cm, distal 2/3 to whole margin palmately or unevenly, rarely pinnately, incised 2/3 to completely to midvein, ultimate teeth or segments (1–)2–10, linear to broadly oblanceolate, 2–10 × (0.5–)1–2 mm, apical tufts to 1 mm, surfaces green to grayish green, not glaucous, straight hairs sparse to abundant, appressed to spreading, 0.5–1.5(–2) mm, stiff, cottony hairs absent, glands sparse to common. |
persistent, usually palmate, 3–12(–30) cm; petiole 2–10(–25) cm, long hairs sparse to abundant, tightly to loosely appressed, 0.5–1.5 mm, usually stiff, sometimes weak, glands absent; leaflets (3–)5(–7), central oblanceolate to obovate, (0.5–)2–4(–7) × 0.3–1.5(–2.5) cm, distal ± 3/4 of margin incised 1/4–1/3 to midvein, teeth (3–)4–12 per side, surfaces similar, green, sparsely to moderately hairy. |
Cauline leaves | (0–)1–2. |
2–3(–4) proximal to 1st flowering node, usually well expanded at anthesis, usually palmate, 2–8(–20) cm; petiole 0.5–6(–15) cm; leaflets (3–)5, ± resembling those of basal leaves, apex rounded to obtuse. |
Inflorescences | 3–6(–10)-flowered, loosely cymose, sometimes racemiform. |
solitary flowers at stolon nodes. |
Pedicels | (0.5–)1–2(–4.5) cm, ± recurved in fruit. |
(2.5–)4–12(–15) cm. |
Flowers | epicalyx bractlets ± elliptic, 2–4(–6) × 1–2(–2.5) mm; hypanthium 3–6 mm diam.; sepals 4–6(–8) mm, apex acute; petals 4–8(–10) × 3–7(–9) mm; filaments 2–3.5 mm, anthers 0.7–1 mm; carpels 10–30, styles (1.5–)2–3 mm. |
5(–10)-merous; epicalyx bractlets elliptic or oblong to ovate, 4–10 × 1.5–3.5 mm, often much larger than sepals (especially in fruit); hypanthium 4–7 mm diam.; sepals (3–)5–7 mm, apex broadly acute to obtuse; petals 7–9(–12) × 6–9(–11) mm, apex usually ± retuse; stamens ca. 20, filaments (0.5–)1–2.5(–2.8) mm, anthers (1–)1.3–2 mm; carpels 60–120, styles 0.6–1.3 mm. |
Achenes | 1.5–2 mm, smooth, often ± carunculate. |
1.3–1.6 mm, ± rugose. |
Rootstocks | erect, slender to stout, 2–6+ cm. |
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2n | = 28 (Eurasia). |
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Potentilla millefolia |
Potentilla reptans |
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Phenology | Flowering spring–summer. | Flowering late Apr–Aug. |
Habitat | Vernally to permanently wet meadows, moist openings in conifer forests and sagebrush, alkaline flats | Dry to moist lawns, roadsides, waste places, on non-acidic soil |
Elevation | 700–2200 m (2300–7200 ft) | 0–500 m (0–1600 ft) |
Distribution |
CA; NV; OR
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CA; CO; DC; FL; GA; IL; KY; LA; MA; MD; MI; MN; NJ; NY; OH; OR; PA; VA; WA; WI; NS; ON; QC; Europe; w Asia; n Africa; Atlantic Islands (Azores, Macaronesia) [Introduced in North America; introduced also in West Indies, Bermuda, South America, Africa (Ethiopia), Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia] |
Discussion | Potentilla millefolia occurs from central Oregon to the east side of the Sierra Nevada of California, with a disjunct occurrence on the alkaline flats of Reese River Valley, Nevada. Significant variation occurs in vestiture type, leaflet dissection, and flower size, but with minimal geographic correlation. The most distinctive variant, represented by the type of P. klamathensis, has relatively long, slender, spreading, pustule-based hairs, often intermixed with shorter hairs. This vestiture type does not appear to be correlated with any other characters or geographic distribution and may vary within a population. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Potentilla reptans is becoming widely introduced in North America, though not fully naturalized in some of the states indicated here. It may be confused with P. canadensis and P. simplex, but, in addition to the characters highlighted in the key, P. reptans tends to have more crenately toothed leaves than the more sharply toothed leaves of the native species. The plant has a history of medicinal uses similar to that of P. erecta. The cultivated double-flowered form is sometimes found established in weedy places. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 174. | FNA vol. 9, p. 135. |
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Potentilleae > Potentilla > sect. Multijugae | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Potentilleae > Potentilla > sect. Potentilla |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | P. klamathensis, P. millefolia var. klamathensis, P. plattensis var. klamathensis, P. plattensis var. millefolia | |
Name authority | Rydberg: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 23: 433, plate 277, figs. 1–5. (1896) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 499. (1753) |
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