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early cinquefoil, elegant cinquefoil, red cinquefoil

European cinquefoil, German cinquefoil, potentille de thuringe

Glands

sparse, uncolored, minute.

Stems

0.2–1.6 dm, lengths 1/2–3(–4) times basal leaves.

1.5–5(–7) dm.

Basal leaves

usually palmate to subpalmate, sometimes subpinnate, 1(–2) pair of leaflets separate from terminal leaflets, distal leaflets distinct, 2–10(–15) cm;

petiole 1–7(–10) cm, straight hairs ± abundant, ± appressed, 1–3 mm, stiff to weak, cottony hairs present, sometimes absent;

leaflets 5(–7), on tip or to distal 1/4 of leaf axis, separate to ± overlapping, proximal pair separated from others by 0–5(–10) mm of leaf axis, central leaflets narrowly oblanceolate to obovate, 1–3(–7) × 0.4–1.2 cm, petiolules 0–2(–4) mm, distal 1/4 to whole margin incised 1/4–3/4+ to midvein, teeth (1–)2–5(–10) per side, separate, 1–6 mm, surfaces strongly to ± dissimilar, abaxial grayish to white, straight hairs ± abundant, ± appressed, 0.5–2 mm, weak to stiff (especially on veins), cottony hairs ± dense, rarely sparse, glands sparse or obscured, adaxial green to grayish, straight hairs common to abundant, appressed, 0.5–2 mm, mostly stiff, sometimes weak or mixed, cottony hairs absent or sparse, rarely common, glands ± sparse.

4–25(–35) cm;

petiole 2–20(–25) cm, hairs sparse to common, ± spreading, 1–2.5 mm, weak, glands absent or sparse;

leaflets 5–7(–9), central one narrowly to broadly oblanceolate, 1–6(–9) × 0.5–2 cm, distal 2/3–3/4+ of margin incised 1/4–1/3(–1/2) to midvein, teeth (4–)6–10(–13) per side, surfaces ± similar, abaxial green to pale green, hairs sparse to common on primary veins, ascending to spreading, 0.5–1.5 mm, weak, adaxial green, hairs more appressed and shorter.

Cauline leaves

1–3;

stipules fused with less than 1/3 of petiole, free portion longer than fused portion.

Inflorescences

(1–)2–12-flowered.

5–20-flowered.

Pedicels

1–2(–3) cm.

1–3 cm (proximalmost to 5 cm).

Flowers

epicalyx bractlets lanceolate to narrowly ovate to linear-elliptic, sometimes doubled, (2–)2.5–5 × 1–1.5 mm;

hypanthium 3–6 mm diam.;

sepals 3.5–6 mm, apex acute;

petals (2.5–)4–9 × (2–)3–7 mm;

filaments 1–3 mm, anthers 0.5–1 mm;

carpels (7–)10–30, styles (1–)1.5–2 mm.

epicalyx bractlets linear to lanceolate, 3–8 × 1–1.5(–2) mm;

hypanthium 3–5 mm diam.;

sepals 3–5 mm, apex ± acute;

petals (5–)8–10 × 4–10 mm;

filaments 0.3–1.5 mm, anthers 0.7–0.9 mm;

carpels 35–50, styles 1.1–1.3 mm.

Achenes

1.5–2.5 mm, smooth to lightly rugose.

1–1.2 mm, faintly rugose.

2n

= 70.

= 42, 56 (Eurasia).

Potentilla concinna

Potentilla thuringiaca

Phenology Flowering late spring–summer.
Habitat Edges of and openings in hardwood and conifer woodlands
Elevation 0–100 m (0–300 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; CA; CO; MT; ND; NM; NV; OH; SD; UT; WY; AB; MB; SK
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
RI; QC; Eurasia [Introduced in North America]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Varieties 3 (3 in the flora).

Potentilla concinna is a relatively widespread, low-growing, early-blooming species with palmate to subpalmate, abaxially cottony leaves. Flowers often appear before leaves are fully expanded. The three varieties treated here have some level of biogeographic identity and are, therefore, given provisional taxonomic recognition. Some treatments have also included P. bicrenata, P. johnstonii, and P. macounii as varieties of P. concinna. Two Mexican species, P. leonina Standley and P. oblanceolata Rydberg, have also been treated as varieties of P. concinna by J. Soják (2006); they are retained as distinct species here, pending further research on Mexican Potentilla. Two other erstwhile varieties of P. concinna are now placed in separate sections: var. modesta (Rydberg) S. L. Welsh & B. C. Johnston (misapplied) in sect. Rubricaules as P. modesta, and var. rubripes (Rydberg) C. L. Hitchcock in sect. Subjugae, intermediate between P. saximontana and P. subjuga. Potentilla concinnaeformis Rydberg, considered to be a close relative of P. concinna by I. W. Clokey (1939), is more likely a hybrid between P. glaucophylla (sect. Graciles) and P. hippiana (sect. Leucophyllae). Hybrids also occur with P. multisecta, and probably other species as well.

Potentilla concinna was first described in 1818 as P. humifusa Nuttall, a later homonym for P. humifusa Willdenow.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Potentilla thuringiaca might be mistaken for the more widely established P. intermedia of sect. Terminales. In addition to having flowering stems lateral to persistent basal leaves, P. thuringiaca has much larger petals (mostly 8–10 mm versus 4–5 mm), 5–9 leaflets, and tubercles at the bases of the long, spreading hairs.

To the Quebec records (and subsequent collections) reported by R. Cayouette (1966) is added Block Island, Rhode Island (Fernald et al. 9650, GH).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Distal (1/2–)3/4 to full length of central leaflets incised 1/2–3/4+ to midvein, teeth 2–6 mm; n Great Plains to c Utah.
var. divisa
1. Distal 1/4–3/4 of central leaflets incised 1/4–1/2 to midvein, teeth 1–3(–5) mm; mostly Rocky Mountains and west
→ 2
2. Stem lengths 1/2–1.5(–2) times basal leaves; leaves palmate, proximal leaflet pair not separated from others.
var. concinna
2. Stem lengths 2–3(–4) times basal leaves; leaves usually palmate to subpalmate, sometimes subpinnate, proximal leaflet pair often separated from others by 1–5(–10) mm of leaf axis.
var. proxima
Source FNA vol. 9, p. 178. FNA vol. 9, p. 146.
Parent taxa Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Potentilleae > Potentilla > sect. Concinnae Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Potentilleae > Potentilla > sect. Chrysanthae
Sibling taxa
P. albiflora, P. ambigens, P. anachoretica, P. angelliae, P. anglica, P. anserina, P. arenosa, P. argentea, P. arizonica, P. basaltica, P. bicrenata, P. biennis, P. biflora, P. bimundorum, P. bipinnatifida, P. brevifolia, P. breweri, P. bruceae, P. brunnescens, P. canadensis, P. cottamii, P. crantzii, P. crebridens, P. crinita, P. cristae, P. demotica, P. drummondii, P. effusa, P. elegans, P. erecta, P. flabellifolia, P. fragiformis, P. furcata, P. glaucophylla, P. gracilis, P. grayi, P. hickmanii, P. hippiana, P. holmgrenii, P. hookeriana, P. hyparctica, P. inclinata, P. intermedia, P. jepsonii, P. johnstonii, P. lasiodonta, P. litoralis, P. macounii, P. millefolia, P. modesta, P. morefieldii, P. multijuga, P. multisecta, P. nana, P. newberryi, P. nivea, P. norvegica, P. ovina, P. paucijuga, P. pedersenii, P. pensylvanica, P. plattensis, P. pseudosericea, P. pulchella, P. pulcherrima, P. recta, P. reptans, P. rhyolitica, P. rimicola, P. rivalis, P. robbinsiana, P. rubella, P. rubricaulis, P. sanguinea, P. saximontana, P. sierrae-blancae, P. simplex, P. sterilis, P. stipularis, P. subgorodkovii, P. subjuga, P. subvahliana, P. subviscosa, P. supina, P. thurberi, P. thuringiaca, P. tikhomirovii, P. townsendii, P. uliginosa, P. uschakovii, P. vahliana, P. verna, P. versicolor, P. villosa, P. villosula, P. vulcanicola, P. wheeleri
P. albiflora, P. ambigens, P. anachoretica, P. angelliae, P. anglica, P. anserina, P. arenosa, P. argentea, P. arizonica, P. basaltica, P. bicrenata, P. biennis, P. biflora, P. bimundorum, P. bipinnatifida, P. brevifolia, P. breweri, P. bruceae, P. brunnescens, P. canadensis, P. concinna, P. cottamii, P. crantzii, P. crebridens, P. crinita, P. cristae, P. demotica, P. drummondii, P. effusa, P. elegans, P. erecta, P. flabellifolia, P. fragiformis, P. furcata, P. glaucophylla, P. gracilis, P. grayi, P. hickmanii, P. hippiana, P. holmgrenii, P. hookeriana, P. hyparctica, P. inclinata, P. intermedia, P. jepsonii, P. johnstonii, P. lasiodonta, P. litoralis, P. macounii, P. millefolia, P. modesta, P. morefieldii, P. multijuga, P. multisecta, P. nana, P. newberryi, P. nivea, P. norvegica, P. ovina, P. paucijuga, P. pedersenii, P. pensylvanica, P. plattensis, P. pseudosericea, P. pulchella, P. pulcherrima, P. recta, P. reptans, P. rhyolitica, P. rimicola, P. rivalis, P. robbinsiana, P. rubella, P. rubricaulis, P. sanguinea, P. saximontana, P. sierrae-blancae, P. simplex, P. sterilis, P. stipularis, P. subgorodkovii, P. subjuga, P. subvahliana, P. subviscosa, P. supina, P. thurberi, P. tikhomirovii, P. townsendii, P. uliginosa, P. uschakovii, P. vahliana, P. verna, P. versicolor, P. villosa, P. villosula, P. vulcanicola, P. wheeleri
Subordinate taxa
P. concinna var. concinna, P. concinna var. divisa, P. concinna var. proxima
Synonyms P. chrysantha subsp. thuringiaca, P. goldbachii, P. nestleriana
Name authority Richardson: in J. Franklin, Narr. Journey Polar Sea, 739. (1823) Bernhardi ex Link: Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 2: 64. (1822)
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