Potentilla concinna |
Potentilla grayi |
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early cinquefoil, elegant cinquefoil, red cinquefoil |
Gray's cinquefoil |
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Habit | Plants rosetted or ± tufted; caudex branches absent or short to elongate, stout to slender. | |||||||||
Stems | 0.2–1.6 dm, lengths 1/2–3(–4) times basal leaves. |
ascending to erect, (0.4–)1–2 dm, lengths 2–4 times basal leaves. |
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Basal leaves | usually palmate to subpalmate, sometimes subpinnate, 1(–2) pair of leaflets separate from terminal leaflets, distal leaflets distinct, 2–10(–15) cm; petiole 1–7(–10) cm, straight hairs ± abundant, ± appressed, 1–3 mm, stiff to weak, cottony hairs present, sometimes absent; leaflets 5(–7), on tip or to distal 1/4 of leaf axis, separate to ± overlapping, proximal pair separated from others by 0–5(–10) mm of leaf axis, central leaflets narrowly oblanceolate to obovate, 1–3(–7) × 0.4–1.2 cm, petiolules 0–2(–4) mm, distal 1/4 to whole margin incised 1/4–3/4+ to midvein, teeth (1–)2–5(–10) per side, separate, 1–6 mm, surfaces strongly to ± dissimilar, abaxial grayish to white, straight hairs ± abundant, ± appressed, 0.5–2 mm, weak to stiff (especially on veins), cottony hairs ± dense, rarely sparse, glands sparse or obscured, adaxial green to grayish, straight hairs common to abundant, appressed, 0.5–2 mm, mostly stiff, sometimes weak or mixed, cottony hairs absent or sparse, rarely common, glands ± sparse. |
not in ranks, ternate, (1–)2–5(–7) cm; stipules: apex acute to rounded; petiole 1–4 cm, hairs absent or long hairs sparse to common, appressed, 0.5–1 mm, stiff, glands absent; leaflets 3, central obovate to flabellate, 1–2.5 × 0.5–2 cm, petiolule (1–)3–10 mm, margins flat, not lobed, distal 1/2–3/4 ± evenly incised 1/4–1/2 to midvein, teeth (2–)3(–4) per side, not secondarily toothed, surfaces similar, green, sometimes ±glaucous, hairs absent or sparse to common, 0.5 mm, glands absent. |
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Inflorescences | (1–)2–12-flowered. |
1–6-flowered. |
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Pedicels | 1–2(–3) cm. |
straight, 0.5–2 cm in flower, to 5 cm in fruit. |
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Flowers | epicalyx bractlets lanceolate to narrowly ovate to linear-elliptic, sometimes doubled, (2–)2.5–5 × 1–1.5 mm; hypanthium 3–6 mm diam.; sepals 3.5–6 mm, apex acute; petals (2.5–)4–9 × (2–)3–7 mm; filaments 1–3 mm, anthers 0.5–1 mm; carpels (7–)10–30, styles (1–)1.5–2 mm. |
epicalyx bractlets elliptic to oval, 2–4.5 × 1–2 mm, margins flat; hypanthium 2.5–4 mm diam.; sepals 3–5.5 mm, apex acute to obtuse; petals yellow, 4–7 × 4–6 mm; filaments 1–3 mm, anthers 0.5–0.9 mm; carpels 10–30, styles filiform, not or slightly papillate-swollen proximally, 1–2.5 mm. |
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Achenes | 1.5–2.5 mm, smooth to lightly rugose. |
1.2–1.5 mm. |
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2n | = 70. |
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Potentilla concinna |
Potentilla grayi |
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Phenology | Flowering summer. | |||||||||
Habitat | Moist stream banks, lakeshores, meadows, in conifer woodlands | |||||||||
Elevation | 2000–2800 m (6600–9200 ft) | |||||||||
Distribution |
AZ; CA; CO; MT; ND; NM; NV; OH; SD; UT; WY; AB; MB; SK
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CA |
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Discussion | Varieties 3 (3 in the flora). Potentilla concinna is a relatively widespread, low-growing, early-blooming species with palmate to subpalmate, abaxially cottony leaves. Flowers often appear before leaves are fully expanded. The three varieties treated here have some level of biogeographic identity and are, therefore, given provisional taxonomic recognition. Some treatments have also included P. bicrenata, P. johnstonii, and P. macounii as varieties of P. concinna. Two Mexican species, P. leonina Standley and P. oblanceolata Rydberg, have also been treated as varieties of P. concinna by J. Soják (2006); they are retained as distinct species here, pending further research on Mexican Potentilla. Two other erstwhile varieties of P. concinna are now placed in separate sections: var. modesta (Rydberg) S. L. Welsh & B. C. Johnston (misapplied) in sect. Rubricaules as P. modesta, and var. rubripes (Rydberg) C. L. Hitchcock in sect. Subjugae, intermediate between P. saximontana and P. subjuga. Potentilla concinnaeformis Rydberg, considered to be a close relative of P. concinna by I. W. Clokey (1939), is more likely a hybrid between P. glaucophylla (sect. Graciles) and P. hippiana (sect. Leucophyllae). Hybrids also occur with P. multisecta, and probably other species as well. Potentilla concinna was first described in 1818 as P. humifusa Nuttall, a later homonym for P. humifusa Willdenow. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Potentilla grayi occurs on the western slope of the Sierra Nevada from El Dorado County to Tulare County, well within the range of P. flabellifolia. Some collections are intermediate between the two. Potentilla grayi can be distinguished by its tendency to have glabrous or strigose leaves, distinctly petiolulate leaflets with simple teeth, paler yellow petals, and a less-branched caudex. The report of Potentilla grayi in New Mexico (J. D. Garcia 1970) was based on a specimen of P. norvegica (sect. Rivales). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 178. | FNA vol. 9, p. 191. | ||||||||
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Potentilleae > Potentilla > sect. Concinnae | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Potentilleae > Potentilla > sect. Aureae | ||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||
Synonyms | P. flabellifolia var. grayi | |||||||||
Name authority | Richardson: in J. Franklin, Narr. Journey Polar Sea, 739. (1823) | S. Watson: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 8: 560. (1873) | ||||||||
Web links |