Potentilla concinna |
Potentilla bimundorum |
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early cinquefoil, elegant cinquefoil, red cinquefoil |
cutleaf cinquefoil, potentille des deux mondes, staghorn cinquefoil |
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Stems | 0.2–1.6 dm, lengths 1/2–3(–4) times basal leaves. |
decumbent to ascending, rarely erect, 1–5 dm. |
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Basal leaves | usually palmate to subpalmate, sometimes subpinnate, 1(–2) pair of leaflets separate from terminal leaflets, distal leaflets distinct, 2–10(–15) cm; petiole 1–7(–10) cm, straight hairs ± abundant, ± appressed, 1–3 mm, stiff to weak, cottony hairs present, sometimes absent; leaflets 5(–7), on tip or to distal 1/4 of leaf axis, separate to ± overlapping, proximal pair separated from others by 0–5(–10) mm of leaf axis, central leaflets narrowly oblanceolate to obovate, 1–3(–7) × 0.4–1.2 cm, petiolules 0–2(–4) mm, distal 1/4 to whole margin incised 1/4–3/4+ to midvein, teeth (1–)2–5(–10) per side, separate, 1–6 mm, surfaces strongly to ± dissimilar, abaxial grayish to white, straight hairs ± abundant, ± appressed, 0.5–2 mm, weak to stiff (especially on veins), cottony hairs ± dense, rarely sparse, glands sparse or obscured, adaxial green to grayish, straight hairs common to abundant, appressed, 0.5–2 mm, mostly stiff, sometimes weak or mixed, cottony hairs absent or sparse, rarely common, glands ± sparse. |
subpinnate, 7–22(–25) cm; petiole 3–12(–15) cm, long hairs ± abundant, appressed to ascending, 0.5–3 mm, stiff, short hairs absent, cottony or crisped hairs absent, glands absent or sparse; leaflets 3(–4) per side, on distal 1/5–1/3(–1/2) of leaf axis, overlapping or not, terminal ones oblong to broadly oblong, 1.5–5 × 0.7–2 cm, margins strongly revolute, incised nearly to midvein, undivided medial blade 1–3 mm wide, teeth (3–)4–5 per side, linear, rarely narrowly oblong to narrowly lanceolate, surfaces strongly dissimilar, abaxial white or grayish white, long hairs abundant, ± 1 mm, stiff verrucose on veins, sparse and soft between veins, short hairs absent, crisped and cottony hairs dense, glands absent, adaxial dark green, long hairs sparse to common, tightly appressed, 0.5–1 mm, short hairs absent, cottony and crisped hairs absent, glands absent or sparse. |
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Cauline leaves | (1–)2–3. |
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Inflorescences | (1–)2–12-flowered. |
(5–)10–40+-flowered, ± congested to open. |
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Pedicels | 1–2(–3) cm. |
0.3–1 cm (proximal to 3 cm). |
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Flowers | epicalyx bractlets lanceolate to narrowly ovate to linear-elliptic, sometimes doubled, (2–)2.5–5 × 1–1.5 mm; hypanthium 3–6 mm diam.; sepals 3.5–6 mm, apex acute; petals (2.5–)4–9 × (2–)3–7 mm; filaments 1–3 mm, anthers 0.5–1 mm; carpels (7–)10–30, styles (1–)1.5–2 mm. |
epicalyx bractlets linear to narrowly oblong-lanceolate, 3–5 × 0.9–1.3 mm, lengths ± 3/4 times sepals, margins flat; hypanthium 2.5–3.5 mm diam.; sepals 4–7(–8) mm, apex acute to obtuse, abaxial surfaces: venation prominent at least proximally, glands ± sparse, obscured to evident; petals pale yellow, 3.5–5 × 3–5 mm, lengths ± equal to sepals; filaments 0.5–1.5 mm, anthers 0.5–0.6 mm; carpels 40–60, styles papillate-swollen at very base, if at all, 0.8–0.9 mm. |
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Achenes | 1.5–2.5 mm, smooth to lightly rugose. |
1.3–1.5 mm, rugose. |
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2n | = 70. |
= 28. |
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Potentilla concinna |
Potentilla bimundorum |
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Phenology | Flowering summer. | |||||||||
Habitat | Road and railway verges, gravelly ruderal sites, acidic rocky outcrops, stream banks and gravel bars, sandy-gravelly flood plains, gravel ridges, sandy lakeshores, sandy steppe bluffs | |||||||||
Elevation | 0–1000 m (0–3300 ft) | |||||||||
Distribution |
AZ; CA; CO; MT; ND; NM; NV; OH; SD; UT; WY; AB; MB; SK
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AK; AB; MB; NT; NU; ON; QC; SK; YT; e Asia (Russian Far East) |
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Discussion | Varieties 3 (3 in the flora). Potentilla concinna is a relatively widespread, low-growing, early-blooming species with palmate to subpalmate, abaxially cottony leaves. Flowers often appear before leaves are fully expanded. The three varieties treated here have some level of biogeographic identity and are, therefore, given provisional taxonomic recognition. Some treatments have also included P. bicrenata, P. johnstonii, and P. macounii as varieties of P. concinna. Two Mexican species, P. leonina Standley and P. oblanceolata Rydberg, have also been treated as varieties of P. concinna by J. Soják (2006); they are retained as distinct species here, pending further research on Mexican Potentilla. Two other erstwhile varieties of P. concinna are now placed in separate sections: var. modesta (Rydberg) S. L. Welsh & B. C. Johnston (misapplied) in sect. Rubricaules as P. modesta, and var. rubripes (Rydberg) C. L. Hitchcock in sect. Subjugae, intermediate between P. saximontana and P. subjuga. Potentilla concinnaeformis Rydberg, considered to be a close relative of P. concinna by I. W. Clokey (1939), is more likely a hybrid between P. glaucophylla (sect. Graciles) and P. hippiana (sect. Leucophyllae). Hybrids also occur with P. multisecta, and probably other species as well. Potentilla concinna was first described in 1818 as P. humifusa Nuttall, a later homonym for P. humifusa Willdenow. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Potentilla bimundorum is the correct name for what has been treated as P. multifida Linnaeus in North America. It is the only American representative of the mainly Eurasian P. multifida group, which is sometimes treated as a distinct section. J. Soják (2005) presented a useful survey and key to this group, showing that its species, in spite of being merged within P. multifida in the broad sense by many authors, are each distinct and with their own range. Potentilla multifida in the narrow sense is restricted to eastern Europe and western Siberia. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 178. | FNA vol. 9, p. 218. | ||||||||
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Potentilleae > Potentilla > sect. Concinnae | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Potentilleae > Potentilla > sect. Pensylvanicae | ||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||
Synonyms | P. multifida subsp. bimundorum | |||||||||
Name authority | Richardson: in J. Franklin, Narr. Journey Polar Sea, 739. (1823) | Soják: Č as. Nár. Muz. Praze Rada P ř ír. 141: 195. (1974) | ||||||||
Web links |