Potentilla canadensis |
Potentilla hickmanii |
|
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dwarf cinquefoil |
Hickman's cinquefoil |
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Habit | Plants ± rosetted; taproots fleshy-thickened. | |
Stems | initially ascending to erect, soon becoming prostrate, flagelliform, not branched, eventually rooting at some nodes, (0.3–)0.5–12 dm. |
usually prostrate to decumbent, sometimes ± ascending in supporting vegetation, 0.5–2.5 dm, lengths 1–2 times basal leaves. |
Basal leaves | ± persistent, usually palmate, 2–9(–11) cm; petiole 1–7(–8) cm, long hairs abundant to dense, appressed to spreading, 1.5–3 mm, mostly ± weak, glands absent or sparse; leaflets (3–)5(–7), central mostly ± obovate to cuneate, sometimes narrowly so, (0.5–)1–4(–6) × (0.5–)0.8–2(–3) cm, distal 1/2 of margin incised 1/4–1/3 to midvein, teeth 2–7 per side, surfaces similar to ± dissimilar, abaxial green to silvery white, sparsely to densely hairy, adaxial green, sparsely to moderately hairy. |
pinnate with distal leaflets ± confluent, 3–17 × 1–3.5 cm; petiole 1–5 cm, straight hairs sparse to common, appressed, 0.5–1.5(–2) mm, stiff, cottony hairs absent, glands absent or sparse; primary lateral leaflets 3–6 per side, on distal 1/2–2/3 of leaf axis, ± overlapping to nearly separate, largest ones cuneate to flabellate, 0.5–2 × 0.5–1.5 cm, distal 1/2 to whole margin ± palmately incised 1/2–2/3(+) to midvein, ultimate teeth or segments 2–5, narrowly elliptic to oblanceolate, 2–10(–15) × (1–)1.5–3 mm, apical tufts 0.5 mm, surfaces green, not glaucous, straight hairs sparse to common (often sparser to glabrate adaxially), appressed, 1–1.5 mm, stiff, cottony hairs absent, glands absent or inconspicuous. |
Cauline leaves | 0–1 proximal to 1st flowering node, not fully expanded at anthesis, usually palmate, 2–7(–9) cm; petiole (0.5–)1–6(–7.5) cm; leaflets (3–)5, ± resembling those of basal leaves, apex rounded to obtuse. |
2. |
Inflorescences | solitary flowers at stolon nodes. |
2–5-flowered, very openly cymose, sometimes racemiform. |
Pedicels | (1–)2–5(–9) cm. |
1–2(–4) cm, ± recurved in fruit. |
Flowers | 5-merous; epicalyx bractlets linear to lanceolate-elliptic, (2–)3–5(–6) × 0.8–1.5 mm, slightly smaller than to ± equal to sepals; hypanthium 2.5–5 mm diam.; sepals (2–)3–5(–6) mm, apex acute; petals 4–6(–8) × 3.5–6.5(–8) mm, apex rounded to slightly retuse; stamens ca. 20, filaments 0.5–2 mm, anthers 0.4–1 mm; carpels 20–40, styles 0.8–1.4 mm. |
epicalyx bractlets ± elliptic, 3.5–6 × (1–)1.5–2.5 mm; hypanthium 3–5 mm diam.; sepals 3.5–7(–9) mm, apex acute; petals 6–12 × 5–9 mm; filaments (1.5–)2–3(–4) mm, anthers 0.7–1.2 mm; carpels (2–)5–15, styles 2.5–3.5 mm. |
Achenes | 1.2–1.4 mm, smooth. |
2 mm, smooth, ± carunculate. |
Rootstocks | erect, stout, 0.5–2 cm. |
|
2n | = 28. |
|
Potentilla canadensis |
Potentilla hickmanii |
|
Phenology | Flowering late Mar–early Jun. | Flowering spring–early summer. |
Habitat | Dry flats and slopes in lawns, pastures, roadsides, cherty slopes, dry meadows, edges of oak and conifer woodlands, often on acidic soil | Vernally saturated coastal meadows, openings in Monterey Pine forests |
Elevation | 0–1500 m (0–4900 ft) | 30–100 m (100–300 ft) |
Distribution |
CT; DC; DE; KY; MA; MD; ME; MO; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; SC; TN; VA; VT; WV; NS; ON
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CA |
Discussion | A cream-colored form (ochroleuca) was described from a now-obliterated site in Massachusetts (M. L. Fernald 1931). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Of conservation concern. Potentilla hickmanii is known from only two extant populations in Monterey and San Mateo counties. The species is a federally listed endangered species (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_plan/050617a.pdf). Plants from Sonoma County formerly included in P. hickmanii now constitute P. uliginosa. Although some morphologic overlap occurs with P. millefolia, P. hickmanii generally differs in having less dissected leaflets occupying less of the leaf axis, as well as somewhat larger flowers bearing fewer carpels. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 134. | FNA vol. 9, p. 174. |
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Potentilleae > Potentilla > sect. Potentilla | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Potentilleae > Potentilla > sect. Multijugae |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | P. canadensis var. pumila, P. canadensis var. villosissima, P. caroliniana, P. pumila | |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 498. (1753) | Eastwood: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 29: 77. (1902) |
Web links |