Potentilla breweri
Potentilla basaltica
Brewer's cinquefoil
Black Rock potentilla, Soldier Meadow or Black Rock cinquefoil, soldier meadows cinquefoil
prostrate to ascending, (0.5–)1–3(–4.5) dm, lengths 2–4(–5) times basal leaves.
± prostrate, sometimes ascending in supporting vegetation, 1.5–5 dm, lengths 2–3 times basal leaves.
pinnate with distal leaflets ± confluent, (2–)4–12(–17) × 1–2.5(–5) cm;
petiole 1–3(–7) cm, straight hairs mostly absent, cottony hairs sparse to dense, glands absent or obscured to common;
primary lateral leaflets 3–6 per side, on distal 1/2–2/3(–3/4) of leaf axis, ± overlapping, largest ones cuneate-flabellate, 0.5–1.5(–2.5) × 0.4–2(–3) cm, distal 1/2 to whole margin unevenly incised 1/2 to completely to midvein (blade often medially split as well), ultimate teeth or segments 3–10, narrowly elliptic, 2–10(–15) × 1–3(–5) mm, apical tufts less than 1 mm, surfaces grayish green to white, not glaucous, straight hairs sparse to common (sparser adaxially), loosely appressed to ascending, 1–1.5 mm, soft, cottony hairs sparse to dense, glands sparse or obscured to common.
pinnate with distal leaflets ± confluent, 5–12(–18) × 1–1.5(–2) cm;
petiole 0.5–1(–1.5) cm, straight hairs absent, cottony hairs absent, glands absent or sparse;
primary lateral leaflets (5–)10–15(–20) per side, on nearly whole leaf axis, ± overlapping, largest ones (or leaflet lobes) elliptic, 0.4–1(–2) × 0.2–0.5(–1) cm, simple and entire or 2(–3)-fid to base (sometimes shallowly toothed as well), segments 1–2(–3), narrowly to broadly elliptic, 4–10(–20) × (1–)2–3 mm, apical tufts absent or less than 0.5 mm, surfaces green, glaucous, straight hairs absent or sparse to common, tightly appressed, 0.5 mm or less, stiff, cottony hairs absent, glands absent or sparse.
1–3.
2–4.
2–15(–25)-flowered, openly cymose.
(5–)10–20-flowered, loosely cymose.
(1–)1.5–2.5(–4) cm, straight in fruit.
0.8–3(–4) cm, straight to ± recurved in fruit.
epicalyx bractlets lanceolate to ovate, 2–5 × 1–1.5 mm;
hypanthium (3–)4–5 mm diam.;
sepals (3–)4–7 mm, apex acute;
petals 5–9(–10) × 4–8(–10) mm;
filaments (1–)2–4 mm, anthers (0.5–)1 mm;
carpels 15–25, styles 2–3 mm.
epicalyx bractlets lanceolate-elliptic to ovate-elliptic, 1.5–2.5(–3) × 1 mm;
hypanthium 2–5 mm diam.;
sepals (3–)4–5(–6) mm, apex acute to acuminate;
petals (3.5–)4.5–6.5 × 2.5–4 mm;
filaments 1.5–3 mm, anthers 0.6–0.8 mm;
carpels 3–10, styles 2–2.5 mm.
1.8 mm, smooth, not carunculate.
1.8–2.2 mm, smooth to ± rugose, not carunculate.
= 72–73, 99, 100, 102.
Potentilla breweri
Potentilla basaltica
Of conservation concern.
Potentilla breweri differs from other members of sect. Multijugae in its often dense, cottony vestiture. Density of cottony hairs and leaflet dissection can differ significantly between first-formed and mid- to late-season leaves of P. breweri; in the description above, leaves are those predominant at anthesis.
Potentilla breweri is most common in the Sierra Nevada of California, with sporadic occurrences to the Cascade Range in southern Washington. Disjunct populations occur in the Ruby and Snake ranges in Nevada and on Steens Mountain in Oregon, where often introgressed with P. versicolor. Reports from Utah are based on collections of P. concinna var. proxima or possible hybrids between P. concinna var. proxima and P. ovina var. decurrens.
J. Clausen et al. (1940) concluded that Potentilla breweri (with P. versicolor as synonym) belonged with P. bruceae and P. drummondii as members of a cenospecies that probably also included unnamed species (possibly P. ovina var. decurrens) from the mountains of Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming. Chromosome number varied within populations, and high numbers of univalents were present.
Recognition of Potentilla breweri as a distinct species differs from recent treatments in which it was considered to be a variety or subspecies of P. drummondii, parallel to the treatment of P. bruceae. The present continental perspective of the genus, as well as additional fieldwork, has resulted in the return of all three to species rank (B. Ertter and D. Mansfield 2007). Placement of P. breweri in sect. Multijugae, separate from P. bruceae and P. drummondii in sect. Graciles, is based on the commonly prostrate habit, fully pinnate leaves, and deeply divided overlapping leaflets.
Although B. C. Johnston (1980) used Potentilla breweri var. viridis Jepson to accommodate greener-than-average sparsely cottony plants, including populations treated here as P. versicolor, the type is probably a sterile hybrid with P. wheeleri as one parent (B. Ertter 1992). The type of P. millefolia var. algida Jepson (included by Johnston in the synonymy of var. viridis) and comparable plants from north-central California combine features of P. breweri and P. versicolor but are more glandular than either. This variant, as well as exceptionally small plants from the Warner Mountains of California, may prove distinct.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Of conservation concern.
Potentilla basaltica is very distinctive in its glaucous, highly divided cylindric leaves with leaflets arranged in four ranks. The leaves strongly resemble those of some species of Ivesia, especially I. kingii S. Watson, but molecular analysis (B. Ertter et al. 1998) confirms a relationship with other members of sect. Multijugae.
Potentilla basaltica is known from only two localities, one in Lassen County, California, and the other in Humboldt County, Nevada. Both populations are highly localized, and P. basaltica is a candidate for federal listing as well as of conservation concern in both states.
The epithet basaltica was chosen as a reference to the Black Rock Desert, not habitat.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
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