Potentilla bipinnatifida |
Potentilla thuringiaca |
|
---|---|---|
bipinnate cinquefoil, potentille bipinnatifide, tansy cinquefoil |
European cinquefoil, German cinquefoil, potentille de thuringe |
|
Glands | sparse, uncolored, minute. |
|
Stems | ascending to erect, (1–)2–5 dm. |
1.5–5(–7) dm. |
Basal leaves | subpinnate to subpalmate, (6–)10–25 cm; petiole (2–)5–15 cm, long hairs dense, appressed, 1–2 mm, soft to ± stiff, short hairs absent, crisped hairs sparse, glands absent, sparse, or obscured; leaflets 2–3 per side, on distal 1/6–1/3(–1/2) of leaf axis, separate to ± overlapping, terminal ones oblanceolate, (2–)3–6(–10) × 1–2(–3.5) cm, margins revolute, incised 3/4+ to midvein, undivided medial blade 1.5–6 mm wide, teeth 5–8 per side, ± linear, surfaces ± to strongly dissimilar, abaxial usually white, rarely grayish, long hairs abundant especially on veins, 1–2 mm, ± weak, short hairs absent or obscured, cottony (and crisped) hairs ± dense, glands absent or obscured, adaxial green to grayish, long hairs sparse to abundant, loosely appressed, 0.5–1.5 mm, short hairs absent or sparse, crisped and/or cottony hairs sparse to common, glands sparse to common. |
4–25(–35) cm; petiole 2–20(–25) cm, hairs sparse to common, ± spreading, 1–2.5 mm, weak, glands absent or sparse; leaflets 5–7(–9), central one narrowly to broadly oblanceolate, 1–6(–9) × 0.5–2 cm, distal 2/3–3/4+ of margin incised 1/4–1/3(–1/2) to midvein, teeth (4–)6–10(–13) per side, surfaces ± similar, abaxial green to pale green, hairs sparse to common on primary veins, ascending to spreading, 0.5–1.5 mm, weak, adaxial green, hairs more appressed and shorter. |
Cauline leaves | 2–4. |
1–3; stipules fused with less than 1/3 of petiole, free portion longer than fused portion. |
Inflorescences | (4–)10–50(–100)-flowered, congested or elongating in fruit. |
5–20-flowered. |
Pedicels | 0.2–0.8 cm (proximal to 2 cm). |
1–3 cm (proximalmost to 5 cm). |
Flowers | epicalyx bractlets narrowly elliptic to lanceolate, 2.5–6 mm, lengths ± 2/3 times sepals, margins flat; hypanthium 3–5 mm diam.; sepals 3–6 mm, apex ± acute, abaxial surfaces: venation indistinct, glands absent, sparse, or obscured; petals yellow, 3–5 × 3–4 mm, lengths ± equal to sepals; filaments 0.5–2 mm, anthers 0.3–0.5 mm; carpels 50–80, styles papillate-swollen in proximal 1/2–3/4+, 1–1.2 mm. |
epicalyx bractlets linear to lanceolate, 3–8 × 1–1.5(–2) mm; hypanthium 3–5 mm diam.; sepals 3–5 mm, apex ± acute; petals (5–)8–10 × 4–10 mm; filaments 0.3–1.5 mm, anthers 0.7–0.9 mm; carpels 35–50, styles 1.1–1.3 mm. |
Achenes | 1–1.2 mm, smooth to faintly rugose. |
1–1.2 mm, faintly rugose. |
2n | = 56. |
= 42, 56 (Eurasia). |
Potentilla bipinnatifida |
Potentilla thuringiaca |
|
Phenology | Flowering summer. | Flowering late spring–summer. |
Habitat | Open shortgrass prairie, alkaline bottoms, streamsides in sagebrush, disturbed sites | Edges of and openings in hardwood and conifer woodlands |
Elevation | 10–3400 m (0–11200 ft) | 0–100 m (0–300 ft) |
Distribution |
AK; CO; ID; MI; MN; MT; ND; NE; NM; SD; UT; WY; AB; MB; NT; ON; QC; SK; YT
|
RI; QC; Eurasia [Introduced in North America] |
Discussion | Potentilla bipinnatifida is similar to P. litoralis in habit and leaf dissection but has flat, silky epicalyx bractlets and sepals with no evident glands. Vestiture is generally silkier, and the silvery to bicolor leaves are white-cottony abaxially. The two species are sympatric in the plains of Canada, with some intergradation; P. bipinnatifida is also common south to Colorado, where it is found in intermontane meadows and sagebrush flats. Outlying populations occur in Blaine and Custer counties, Idaho, and Duchesne and Piute counties, Utah. Eastern collections from disturbed sites might be adventive. Potentilla missourica Hornemann ex Lindley and P. normalis Besser ex Sprengel are older names for this species; both were rejected against a conserved P. bipinnatifida with designated lectotypes (see J. Soják 2008b). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Potentilla thuringiaca might be mistaken for the more widely established P. intermedia of sect. Terminales. In addition to having flowering stems lateral to persistent basal leaves, P. thuringiaca has much larger petals (mostly 8–10 mm versus 4–5 mm), 5–9 leaflets, and tubercles at the bases of the long, spreading hairs. To the Quebec records (and subsequent collections) reported by R. Cayouette (1966) is added Block Island, Rhode Island (Fernald et al. 9650, GH). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 217. | FNA vol. 9, p. 146. |
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Potentilleae > Potentilla > sect. Pensylvanicae | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Potentilleae > Potentilla > sect. Chrysanthae |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | P. pensylvanica var. bipinnatifida | P. chrysantha subsp. thuringiaca, P. goldbachii, P. nestleriana |
Name authority | Douglas: in W. J. Hooker, Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 188. (1832) | Bernhardi ex Link: Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 2: 64. (1822) |
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