Potentilla bipinnatifida |
Potentilla reptans |
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bipinnate cinquefoil, potentille bipinnatifide, tansy cinquefoil |
creeping cinquefoil, potentille rampante |
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Stems | ascending to erect, (1–)2–5 dm. |
soon becoming prostrate, flagelliform, not branched, rooting at some nodes, 1.5–10+ dm. |
Basal leaves | subpinnate to subpalmate, (6–)10–25 cm; petiole (2–)5–15 cm, long hairs dense, appressed, 1–2 mm, soft to ± stiff, short hairs absent, crisped hairs sparse, glands absent, sparse, or obscured; leaflets 2–3 per side, on distal 1/6–1/3(–1/2) of leaf axis, separate to ± overlapping, terminal ones oblanceolate, (2–)3–6(–10) × 1–2(–3.5) cm, margins revolute, incised 3/4+ to midvein, undivided medial blade 1.5–6 mm wide, teeth 5–8 per side, ± linear, surfaces ± to strongly dissimilar, abaxial usually white, rarely grayish, long hairs abundant especially on veins, 1–2 mm, ± weak, short hairs absent or obscured, cottony (and crisped) hairs ± dense, glands absent or obscured, adaxial green to grayish, long hairs sparse to abundant, loosely appressed, 0.5–1.5 mm, short hairs absent or sparse, crisped and/or cottony hairs sparse to common, glands sparse to common. |
persistent, usually palmate, 3–12(–30) cm; petiole 2–10(–25) cm, long hairs sparse to abundant, tightly to loosely appressed, 0.5–1.5 mm, usually stiff, sometimes weak, glands absent; leaflets (3–)5(–7), central oblanceolate to obovate, (0.5–)2–4(–7) × 0.3–1.5(–2.5) cm, distal ± 3/4 of margin incised 1/4–1/3 to midvein, teeth (3–)4–12 per side, surfaces similar, green, sparsely to moderately hairy. |
Cauline leaves | 2–4. |
2–3(–4) proximal to 1st flowering node, usually well expanded at anthesis, usually palmate, 2–8(–20) cm; petiole 0.5–6(–15) cm; leaflets (3–)5, ± resembling those of basal leaves, apex rounded to obtuse. |
Inflorescences | (4–)10–50(–100)-flowered, congested or elongating in fruit. |
solitary flowers at stolon nodes. |
Pedicels | 0.2–0.8 cm (proximal to 2 cm). |
(2.5–)4–12(–15) cm. |
Flowers | epicalyx bractlets narrowly elliptic to lanceolate, 2.5–6 mm, lengths ± 2/3 times sepals, margins flat; hypanthium 3–5 mm diam.; sepals 3–6 mm, apex ± acute, abaxial surfaces: venation indistinct, glands absent, sparse, or obscured; petals yellow, 3–5 × 3–4 mm, lengths ± equal to sepals; filaments 0.5–2 mm, anthers 0.3–0.5 mm; carpels 50–80, styles papillate-swollen in proximal 1/2–3/4+, 1–1.2 mm. |
5(–10)-merous; epicalyx bractlets elliptic or oblong to ovate, 4–10 × 1.5–3.5 mm, often much larger than sepals (especially in fruit); hypanthium 4–7 mm diam.; sepals (3–)5–7 mm, apex broadly acute to obtuse; petals 7–9(–12) × 6–9(–11) mm, apex usually ± retuse; stamens ca. 20, filaments (0.5–)1–2.5(–2.8) mm, anthers (1–)1.3–2 mm; carpels 60–120, styles 0.6–1.3 mm. |
Achenes | 1–1.2 mm, smooth to faintly rugose. |
1.3–1.6 mm, ± rugose. |
Rootstocks | erect, slender to stout, 2–6+ cm. |
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2n | = 56. |
= 28 (Eurasia). |
Potentilla bipinnatifida |
Potentilla reptans |
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Phenology | Flowering summer. | Flowering late Apr–Aug. |
Habitat | Open shortgrass prairie, alkaline bottoms, streamsides in sagebrush, disturbed sites | Dry to moist lawns, roadsides, waste places, on non-acidic soil |
Elevation | 10–3400 m (0–11200 ft) | 0–500 m (0–1600 ft) |
Distribution |
AK; CO; ID; MI; MN; MT; ND; NE; NM; SD; UT; WY; AB; MB; NT; ON; QC; SK; YT
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CA; CO; DC; FL; GA; IL; KY; LA; MA; MD; MI; MN; NJ; NY; OH; OR; PA; VA; WA; WI; NS; ON; QC; Europe; w Asia; n Africa; Atlantic Islands (Azores, Macaronesia) [Introduced in North America; introduced also in West Indies, Bermuda, South America, Africa (Ethiopia), Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia] |
Discussion | Potentilla bipinnatifida is similar to P. litoralis in habit and leaf dissection but has flat, silky epicalyx bractlets and sepals with no evident glands. Vestiture is generally silkier, and the silvery to bicolor leaves are white-cottony abaxially. The two species are sympatric in the plains of Canada, with some intergradation; P. bipinnatifida is also common south to Colorado, where it is found in intermontane meadows and sagebrush flats. Outlying populations occur in Blaine and Custer counties, Idaho, and Duchesne and Piute counties, Utah. Eastern collections from disturbed sites might be adventive. Potentilla missourica Hornemann ex Lindley and P. normalis Besser ex Sprengel are older names for this species; both were rejected against a conserved P. bipinnatifida with designated lectotypes (see J. Soják 2008b). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Potentilla reptans is becoming widely introduced in North America, though not fully naturalized in some of the states indicated here. It may be confused with P. canadensis and P. simplex, but, in addition to the characters highlighted in the key, P. reptans tends to have more crenately toothed leaves than the more sharply toothed leaves of the native species. The plant has a history of medicinal uses similar to that of P. erecta. The cultivated double-flowered form is sometimes found established in weedy places. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 217. | FNA vol. 9, p. 135. |
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Potentilleae > Potentilla > sect. Pensylvanicae | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Potentilleae > Potentilla > sect. Potentilla |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | P. pensylvanica var. bipinnatifida | |
Name authority | Douglas: in W. J. Hooker, Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 188. (1832) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 499. (1753) |
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