Potentilla bipinnatifida |
Potentilla intermedia |
|
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bipinnate cinquefoil, potentille bipinnatifide, tansy cinquefoil |
downy cinquefoil, potentille intermédiaire |
|
Stems | ascending to erect, (1–)2–5 dm. |
ascending to erect, 2–5 dm. |
Basal leaves | subpinnate to subpalmate, (6–)10–25 cm; petiole (2–)5–15 cm, long hairs dense, appressed, 1–2 mm, soft to ± stiff, short hairs absent, crisped hairs sparse, glands absent, sparse, or obscured; leaflets 2–3 per side, on distal 1/6–1/3(–1/2) of leaf axis, separate to ± overlapping, terminal ones oblanceolate, (2–)3–6(–10) × 1–2(–3.5) cm, margins revolute, incised 3/4+ to midvein, undivided medial blade 1.5–6 mm wide, teeth 5–8 per side, ± linear, surfaces ± to strongly dissimilar, abaxial usually white, rarely grayish, long hairs abundant especially on veins, 1–2 mm, ± weak, short hairs absent or obscured, cottony (and crisped) hairs ± dense, glands absent or obscured, adaxial green to grayish, long hairs sparse to abundant, loosely appressed, 0.5–1.5 mm, short hairs absent or sparse, crisped and/or cottony hairs sparse to common, glands sparse to common. |
palmate or ternate. |
Cauline leaves | 2–4. |
3–8, proximal ones (3–)5–14 cm; proximal petioles (1–)2–10 cm, long hairs sparse to common, spreading to loosely appressed, 1–2 mm, weak, short or crisped hairs sparse to common, cottony hairs absent, glands absent or sparse; leaflets usually 5, central one oblanceolate to obovate, 2–4.5 × 1–2.5 cm, margins ± flat, distal 3/4+ usually unevenly, sometimes evenly, incised 1/3–2/3 to midvein (often with 1–2 incisions nearly to midvein), teeth 5–10 per side, surfaces similar or ± dissimilar, abaxial green to grayish green, long hairs sparse to common (especially on veins), 0.5–1.5 mm, soft to weak, short or crisped hairs ± sparse, cottony hairs absent, glands absent or sparse, adaxial long hairs absent or sparse, 1 mm, short hairs absent or sparse, crisped and cottony hairs absent, glands absent or sparse. |
Inflorescences | (4–)10–50(–100)-flowered, congested or elongating in fruit. |
20–100+-flowered. |
Pedicels | 0.2–0.8 cm (proximal to 2 cm). |
0.5–1.5(–2.5) cm. |
Flowers | epicalyx bractlets narrowly elliptic to lanceolate, 2.5–6 mm, lengths ± 2/3 times sepals, margins flat; hypanthium 3–5 mm diam.; sepals 3–6 mm, apex ± acute, abaxial surfaces: venation indistinct, glands absent, sparse, or obscured; petals yellow, 3–5 × 3–4 mm, lengths ± equal to sepals; filaments 0.5–2 mm, anthers 0.3–0.5 mm; carpels 50–80, styles papillate-swollen in proximal 1/2–3/4+, 1–1.2 mm. |
epicalyx bractlets lanceolate to ovate or elliptic, 2–5 × 0.8–1.5 mm, lengths usually 2/3, sometimes 1, times sepals; sepals 3.5–6.5 mm, apex ± acute; petals 3–5 × 2–3 mm; filaments 0.8–2 mm, anthers 0.3–0.5 mm; carpels 40–70, styles 1–1.2 mm, scarcely papillate-swollen proximally. |
Achenes | 1–1.2 mm, smooth to faintly rugose. |
1 mm, rugose. |
2n | = 56. |
= 28, 56 (Eurasia). |
Potentilla bipinnatifida |
Potentilla intermedia |
|
Phenology | Flowering summer. | Flowering late spring–summer. |
Habitat | Open shortgrass prairie, alkaline bottoms, streamsides in sagebrush, disturbed sites | Dry waste places along roadsides, ditches, other open sites, in grasslands, oak and conifer woodlands |
Elevation | 10–3400 m (0–11200 ft) | 0–300 m (0–1000 ft) |
Distribution |
AK; CO; ID; MI; MN; MT; ND; NE; NM; SD; UT; WY; AB; MB; NT; ON; QC; SK; YT
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CT; IA; IN; MA; ME; MI; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; VT; WI; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; SPM; Eurasia [Introduced in North America]
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Discussion | Potentilla bipinnatifida is similar to P. litoralis in habit and leaf dissection but has flat, silky epicalyx bractlets and sepals with no evident glands. Vestiture is generally silkier, and the silvery to bicolor leaves are white-cottony abaxially. The two species are sympatric in the plains of Canada, with some intergradation; P. bipinnatifida is also common south to Colorado, where it is found in intermontane meadows and sagebrush flats. Outlying populations occur in Blaine and Custer counties, Idaho, and Duchesne and Piute counties, Utah. Eastern collections from disturbed sites might be adventive. Potentilla missourica Hornemann ex Lindley and P. normalis Besser ex Sprengel are older names for this species; both were rejected against a conserved P. bipinnatifida with designated lectotypes (see J. Soják 2008b). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Potentilla intermedia is more common than P. inclinata at least in eastern Canada and New England. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 217. | FNA vol. 9, p. 145. |
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Potentilleae > Potentilla > sect. Pensylvanicae | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Potentilleae > Potentilla > sect. Terminales |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | P. pensylvanica var. bipinnatifida | P. heidenreichii |
Name authority | Douglas: in W. J. Hooker, Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 188. (1832) | Linnaeus: Syst. Nat. ed. 12, 2: 351. (1767): Mant. Pl. 1: 76. (1767) |
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