Potentilla bipinnatifida |
Potentilla hyparctica |
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bipinnate cinquefoil, potentille bipinnatifide, tansy cinquefoil |
arctic cinquefoil, subarctic cinquefoil |
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Habit | Plants cushion-forming; caudex branches short to elongate, slender, often embedded in old leaf bases. | |||||
Stems | ascending to erect, (1–)2–5 dm. |
ascending to erect, 0.2–2(–2.5) dm, lengths 1–3(–4) times basal leaves. |
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Basal leaves | subpinnate to subpalmate, (6–)10–25 cm; petiole (2–)5–15 cm, long hairs dense, appressed, 1–2 mm, soft to ± stiff, short hairs absent, crisped hairs sparse, glands absent, sparse, or obscured; leaflets 2–3 per side, on distal 1/6–1/3(–1/2) of leaf axis, separate to ± overlapping, terminal ones oblanceolate, (2–)3–6(–10) × 1–2(–3.5) cm, margins revolute, incised 3/4+ to midvein, undivided medial blade 1.5–6 mm wide, teeth 5–8 per side, ± linear, surfaces ± to strongly dissimilar, abaxial usually white, rarely grayish, long hairs abundant especially on veins, 1–2 mm, ± weak, short hairs absent or obscured, cottony (and crisped) hairs ± dense, glands absent or obscured, adaxial green to grayish, long hairs sparse to abundant, loosely appressed, 0.5–1.5 mm, short hairs absent or sparse, crisped and/or cottony hairs sparse to common, glands sparse to common. |
not in ranks, ternate, (1–)2–8(–10) cm; stipules: apex ± acute; petiole 1–6.5(–8.5) cm, long hairs sparse to common, spreading to subappressed, 0.8–2 mm, weak to ± stiff, glands sparse to common; leaflets 3, central obovate to broadly obovate, 0.5–2.5(–2.8) × 0.3–2(–2.2) cm, petiolule 0–3 mm, margins flat or slightly revolute, not lobed, distal 1/2–2/3(–3/4) evenly incised ± 1/2 to midvein, teeth (2–)3–5 per side, surfaces ± similar, abaxial usually pale green, sometimes grayish, hairs sparse to abundant, 0.5–1.7 mm, adaxial darker green, hairs and glands sparse. |
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Cauline leaves | 2–4. |
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Inflorescences | (4–)10–50(–100)-flowered, congested or elongating in fruit. |
1–3(–5)-flowered. |
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Pedicels | 0.2–0.8 cm (proximal to 2 cm). |
straight, 0.3–3 cm in flower, to 9 cm in fruit. |
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Flowers | epicalyx bractlets narrowly elliptic to lanceolate, 2.5–6 mm, lengths ± 2/3 times sepals, margins flat; hypanthium 3–5 mm diam.; sepals 3–6 mm, apex ± acute, abaxial surfaces: venation indistinct, glands absent, sparse, or obscured; petals yellow, 3–5 × 3–4 mm, lengths ± equal to sepals; filaments 0.5–2 mm, anthers 0.3–0.5 mm; carpels 50–80, styles papillate-swollen in proximal 1/2–3/4+, 1–1.2 mm. |
epicalyx bractlets narrowly to broadly oblong or ovate, 3.5–7 × 1.5–5 mm, margins flat; hypanthium 4–7 mm diam.; sepals 4–8 mm, apex subacute to rounded; petals pale or bright yellow, 4–9 × 4–6 mm; filaments 0.5–1.1 mm, anthers 0.2–0.4 mm; carpels 50–80, styles ± columnar, not or scarcely papillate-swollen proximally, 0.6–0.9 mm. |
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Achenes | 1–1.2 mm, smooth to faintly rugose. |
1.1–1.3 mm. |
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2n | = 56. |
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Potentilla bipinnatifida |
Potentilla hyparctica |
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Phenology | Flowering summer. | |||||
Habitat | Open shortgrass prairie, alkaline bottoms, streamsides in sagebrush, disturbed sites | |||||
Elevation | 10–3400 m (0–11200 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
AK; CO; ID; MI; MN; MT; ND; NE; NM; SD; UT; WY; AB; MB; NT; ON; QC; SK; YT
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AK; MT; WA; WY; AB; BC; NL; NT; NU; QC; YT; n Eurasia; circumpolar |
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Discussion | Potentilla bipinnatifida is similar to P. litoralis in habit and leaf dissection but has flat, silky epicalyx bractlets and sepals with no evident glands. Vestiture is generally silkier, and the silvery to bicolor leaves are white-cottony abaxially. The two species are sympatric in the plains of Canada, with some intergradation; P. bipinnatifida is also common south to Colorado, where it is found in intermontane meadows and sagebrush flats. Outlying populations occur in Blaine and Custer counties, Idaho, and Duchesne and Piute counties, Utah. Eastern collections from disturbed sites might be adventive. Potentilla missourica Hornemann ex Lindley and P. normalis Besser ex Sprengel are older names for this species; both were rejected against a conserved P. bipinnatifida with designated lectotypes (see J. Soják 2008b). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Subspecies 3 (2 in the flora). Southern arctic and subarctic plants differ from the northern arctic ones in presumably independent features. Where the two forms are sympatric (western Greenland, northern Quebec, Baffin Island), they appear to remain distinct even in mixed populations and are accordingly treated as subspecies. Although some features of scattered plants in Alaska and Yukon approach subsp. nivicola Jurtzev & V. V. Petrovsky (described from northeastern Asia), such plants do not otherwise correspond fully with this taxon. Possible hybrids between Potentilla hyparctica and P. pulchella (sect. Pensylvanicae) are addressed in the discussion of sect. Pensylvanicae. Presumed hybrids with P. villosa from the Aleutian Islands, characterized by the combination of basally thickened styles and lack of cottony hairs on leaflet abaxial surfaces, have been named P. ×aleutica Soják. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 217. | FNA vol. 9, p. 192. | ||||
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Potentilleae > Potentilla > sect. Pensylvanicae | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Potentilleae > Potentilla > sect. Aureae | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | P. pensylvanica var. bipinnatifida | P. robbinsiana subsp. hyparctica | ||||
Name authority | Douglas: in W. J. Hooker, Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 188. (1832) | Malte: Rhodora 36: 177. (1934) | ||||
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