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biennial cinquefoil, biennial or Greene's cinquefoil, Greene's cinquefoil

Gray's cinquefoil

Habit Plants rosetted or ± tufted; caudex branches absent or short to elongate, stout to slender.
Stems

ascending to erect, (1–)2–6(–8.5) dm, hairs at base not stiff, not tubercle-based, glands sparse to abundant, conspicuous (to 1 mm, septate).

ascending to erect, (0.4–)1–2 dm, lengths 2–4 times basal leaves.

Leaves

ternate, (2–)4–12(–25) cm;

petiole (1–)2–8(–20) cm, long hairs sparse to common, spreading to ascending, 0.5–1.5(–3) mm, weak, crisped hairs usually absent, glands sparse to abundant, conspicuous (to 1 mm, septate);

leaflets 3, at tip of leaf axis, usually overlapping, largest ones mostly obovate or oval to nearly round, (0.5–)1–3(–4) × 0.3–3(–3.5) cm, distal 3/4 to ± whole margin evenly to unevenly incised 1/4–1/3(–1/2) to midvein, teeth 3–8(–13) per side, surfaces sparsely to moderately hairy, rarely glabrate, glands sparse to abundant at least abaxially.

Basal leaves

not in ranks, ternate, (1–)2–5(–7) cm;

stipules: apex acute to rounded;

petiole 1–4 cm, hairs absent or long hairs sparse to common, appressed, 0.5–1 mm, stiff, glands absent;

leaflets 3, central obovate to flabellate, 1–2.5 × 0.5–2 cm, petiolule (1–)3–10 mm, margins flat, not lobed, distal 1/2–3/4 ± evenly incised 1/4–1/2 to midvein, teeth (2–)3(–4) per side, not secondarily toothed, surfaces similar, green, sometimes ±glaucous, hairs absent or sparse to common, 0.5 mm, glands absent.

Inflorescences

(10–)20–70+-flowered.

1–6-flowered.

Pedicels

0.2–1(–2) cm.

straight, 0.5–2 cm in flower, to 5 cm in fruit.

Flowers

epicalyx bractlets narrowly oblanceolate to narrowly obovate or elliptic, (1.5–)2–3.5(–4.5) × 0.5–1.5(–2) mm;

hypanthium (2–)3–4(–5.5) mm diam.;

sepals (2–)3–5 mm, apex broadly acute to obtuse;

petals pale yellow to yellow, broadly oblanceolate to obovate, (1–)2–2.7 × 1.5 mm;

stamens 10 or 15, filaments 0.5–1.2 mm, anthers 0.2–0.3 mm;

carpels 40–100, styles 0.5–0.7 mm.

epicalyx bractlets elliptic to oval, 2–4.5 × 1–2 mm, margins flat;

hypanthium 2.5–4 mm diam.;

sepals 3–5.5 mm, apex acute to obtuse;

petals yellow, 4–7 × 4–6 mm;

filaments 1–3 mm, anthers 0.5–0.9 mm;

carpels 10–30, styles filiform, not or slightly papillate-swollen proximally, 1–2.5 mm.

Achenes

whitish or pale yellowish, 0.5–0.9 mm, smooth, without a corky protuberance.

1.2–1.5 mm.

Potentilla biennis

Potentilla grayi

Phenology Flowering summer. Flowering summer.
Habitat Moist meadows, stream banks, ditches, seepages Moist stream banks, lakeshores, meadows, in conifer woodlands
Elevation 400–3100 m (1300–10200 ft) 2000–2800 m (6600–9200 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AK; AZ; CA; CO; ID; MT; ND; NM; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; SK; YT
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Potentilla biennis may be recognized by its septate hairs with a round, terminal gland, which dominate the vestiture especially at the base of the plant. Stems are more commonly erect and leaflets rounder than those of P. rivalis. The species is most common along the eastern side of the Sierra Nevada of California, across the Intermountain Region to the Rocky Mountains. All specimens seen by the authors from Baja California, Mexico, which were previously referred to P. biennis are now assigned to P. rivalis.

J. Soják (1996) lectotypified Potentilla millegrana Engelmann ex Lehmann upon a collection of P. rivalis, thus preventing P. biennis from being a later taxonomic synonym.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Potentilla grayi occurs on the western slope of the Sierra Nevada from El Dorado County to Tulare County, well within the range of P. flabellifolia. Some collections are intermediate between the two. Potentilla grayi can be distinguished by its tendency to have glabrous or strigose leaves, distinctly petiolulate leaflets with simple teeth, paler yellow petals, and a less-branched caudex.

The report of Potentilla grayi in New Mexico (J. D. Garcia 1970) was based on a specimen of P. norvegica (sect. Rivales).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 9, p. 140. FNA vol. 9, p. 191.
Parent taxa Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Potentilleae > Potentilla > sect. Rivales Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Potentilleae > Potentilla > sect. Aureae
Sibling taxa
P. albiflora, P. ambigens, P. anachoretica, P. angelliae, P. anglica, P. anserina, P. arenosa, P. argentea, P. arizonica, P. basaltica, P. bicrenata, P. biflora, P. bimundorum, P. bipinnatifida, P. brevifolia, P. breweri, P. bruceae, P. brunnescens, P. canadensis, P. concinna, P. cottamii, P. crantzii, P. crebridens, P. crinita, P. cristae, P. demotica, P. drummondii, P. effusa, P. elegans, P. erecta, P. flabellifolia, P. fragiformis, P. furcata, P. glaucophylla, P. gracilis, P. grayi, P. hickmanii, P. hippiana, P. holmgrenii, P. hookeriana, P. hyparctica, P. inclinata, P. intermedia, P. jepsonii, P. johnstonii, P. lasiodonta, P. litoralis, P. macounii, P. millefolia, P. modesta, P. morefieldii, P. multijuga, P. multisecta, P. nana, P. newberryi, P. nivea, P. norvegica, P. ovina, P. paucijuga, P. pedersenii, P. pensylvanica, P. plattensis, P. pseudosericea, P. pulchella, P. pulcherrima, P. recta, P. reptans, P. rhyolitica, P. rimicola, P. rivalis, P. robbinsiana, P. rubella, P. rubricaulis, P. sanguinea, P. saximontana, P. sierrae-blancae, P. simplex, P. sterilis, P. stipularis, P. subgorodkovii, P. subjuga, P. subvahliana, P. subviscosa, P. supina, P. thurberi, P. thuringiaca, P. tikhomirovii, P. townsendii, P. uliginosa, P. uschakovii, P. vahliana, P. verna, P. versicolor, P. villosa, P. villosula, P. vulcanicola, P. wheeleri
P. albiflora, P. ambigens, P. anachoretica, P. angelliae, P. anglica, P. anserina, P. arenosa, P. argentea, P. arizonica, P. basaltica, P. bicrenata, P. biennis, P. biflora, P. bimundorum, P. bipinnatifida, P. brevifolia, P. breweri, P. bruceae, P. brunnescens, P. canadensis, P. concinna, P. cottamii, P. crantzii, P. crebridens, P. crinita, P. cristae, P. demotica, P. drummondii, P. effusa, P. elegans, P. erecta, P. flabellifolia, P. fragiformis, P. furcata, P. glaucophylla, P. gracilis, P. hickmanii, P. hippiana, P. holmgrenii, P. hookeriana, P. hyparctica, P. inclinata, P. intermedia, P. jepsonii, P. johnstonii, P. lasiodonta, P. litoralis, P. macounii, P. millefolia, P. modesta, P. morefieldii, P. multijuga, P. multisecta, P. nana, P. newberryi, P. nivea, P. norvegica, P. ovina, P. paucijuga, P. pedersenii, P. pensylvanica, P. plattensis, P. pseudosericea, P. pulchella, P. pulcherrima, P. recta, P. reptans, P. rhyolitica, P. rimicola, P. rivalis, P. robbinsiana, P. rubella, P. rubricaulis, P. sanguinea, P. saximontana, P. sierrae-blancae, P. simplex, P. sterilis, P. stipularis, P. subgorodkovii, P. subjuga, P. subvahliana, P. subviscosa, P. supina, P. thurberi, P. thuringiaca, P. tikhomirovii, P. townsendii, P. uliginosa, P. uschakovii, P. vahliana, P. verna, P. versicolor, P. villosa, P. villosula, P. vulcanicola, P. wheeleri
Synonyms P. flabellifolia var. grayi
Name authority Greene: Fl. Francisc., 65. (1891) S. Watson: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 8: 560. (1873)
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