Potentilla biennis |
Potentilla arizonica |
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biennial cinquefoil, biennial or Greene's cinquefoil, Greene's cinquefoil |
Garland prairie cinquefoil |
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Habit | Plants rosetted to tufted; taproots ± fleshy-thickened. | |
Stems | ascending to erect, (1–)2–6(–8.5) dm, hairs at base not stiff, not tubercle-based, glands sparse to abundant, conspicuous (to 1 mm, septate). |
decumbent to ascending, sometimes prostrate, 0.6–2.2 dm, lengths 1.5–3 times basal leaves. |
Leaves | ternate, (2–)4–12(–25) cm; petiole (1–)2–8(–20) cm, long hairs sparse to common, spreading to ascending, 0.5–1.5(–3) mm, weak, crisped hairs usually absent, glands sparse to abundant, conspicuous (to 1 mm, septate); leaflets 3, at tip of leaf axis, usually overlapping, largest ones mostly obovate or oval to nearly round, (0.5–)1–3(–4) × 0.3–3(–3.5) cm, distal 3/4 to ± whole margin evenly to unevenly incised 1/4–1/3(–1/2) to midvein, teeth 3–8(–13) per side, surfaces sparsely to moderately hairy, rarely glabrate, glands sparse to abundant at least abaxially. |
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Basal leaves | pinnate with distal leaflets ± distinct, 4–10 × 1–2(–3) cm; petiole 1–3 cm, straight hairs dense, ± appressed, 1–2 mm, stiff, cottony hairs absent, glands absent or sparse; primary lateral leaflets 5–7(–9) per side (sometimes with additional interspersed leaflets), on distal (1/2–)2/3–3/4 of leaf axis, ± overlapping, largest ones oblanceolate- to obovate-oblong, 0.5–1.5 × 0.4–0.8 cm, distal 3/4 to whole margin pinnately incised nearly to midvein, teeth (5–)7–9, linear-oblanceolate, 2–6 × 0.5–1 mm, apical tufts 1 mm, surfaces grayish green, straight hairs sparse (adaxially) to common, ± appressed, 1–2 mm, stiff, cottony hairs absent, glands absent or obscured. |
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Cauline leaves | (1–)2–3(–4). |
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Inflorescences | (10–)20–70+-flowered. |
3–15-flowered, ± compactly cymose, opening in fruit. |
Pedicels | 0.2–1(–2) cm. |
0.7–2(–2.5) cm, straight in fruit. |
Flowers | epicalyx bractlets narrowly oblanceolate to narrowly obovate or elliptic, (1.5–)2–3.5(–4.5) × 0.5–1.5(–2) mm; hypanthium (2–)3–4(–5.5) mm diam.; sepals (2–)3–5 mm, apex broadly acute to obtuse; petals pale yellow to yellow, broadly oblanceolate to obovate, (1–)2–2.7 × 1.5 mm; stamens 10 or 15, filaments 0.5–1.2 mm, anthers 0.2–0.3 mm; carpels 40–100, styles 0.5–0.7 mm. |
epicalyx bractlets narrowly elliptic, sometimes doubled, 2–3.5 × 1–1.5 mm; hypanthium 3–4 mm diam.; sepals 4–6 mm, apex ± acute; petals 4–5(–6) × 3–4(–5.5) mm; filaments 1–2 mm, anthers 1–1.5 mm, often as long as filaments; carpels 8–20, styles 2 mm. |
Achenes | whitish or pale yellowish, 0.5–0.9 mm, smooth, without a corky protuberance. |
1.8 mm, ± smooth, not carunculate. |
Potentilla biennis |
Potentilla arizonica |
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Phenology | Flowering summer. | Flowering late spring–early summer. |
Habitat | Moist meadows, stream banks, ditches, seepages | Vernally wet clay of rocky basaltic meadows, openings in pine woodlands |
Elevation | 400–3100 m (1300–10200 ft) | 1900–2100 m (6200–6900 ft) |
Distribution |
AK; AZ; CA; CO; ID; MT; ND; NM; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; SK; YT
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AZ |
Discussion | Potentilla biennis may be recognized by its septate hairs with a round, terminal gland, which dominate the vestiture especially at the base of the plant. Stems are more commonly erect and leaflets rounder than those of P. rivalis. The species is most common along the eastern side of the Sierra Nevada of California, across the Intermountain Region to the Rocky Mountains. All specimens seen by the authors from Baja California, Mexico, which were previously referred to P. biennis are now assigned to P. rivalis. J. Soják (1996) lectotypified Potentilla millegrana Engelmann ex Lehmann upon a collection of P. rivalis, thus preventing P. biennis from being a later taxonomic synonym. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Of conservation concern. Potentilla arizonica is known only from the Garland Prairie area in Coconino County. Although commonly included within P. plattensis (for example, N. H. Holmgren 1997b; B. C. Johnston 1980; T. H. Kearney and R. H. Peebles 1951), P. arizonica differs in its longer hairs, more erect habit, more condensed inflorescences, pedicels that remain straight in fruit, and significantly larger anthers. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 140. | FNA vol. 9, p. 170. |
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Potentilleae > Potentilla > sect. Rivales | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Potentilleae > Potentilla > sect. Multijugae |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Ivesia pinnatifida | |
Name authority | Greene: Fl. Francisc., 65. (1891) | Greene: Pittonia 1: 104. (1887) — not Potentilla pinnatifida C. Presl 1822 |
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