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biennial cinquefoil, biennial or Greene's cinquefoil, Greene's cinquefoil

Pinaleño cinquefoil, whiteflower cinquefoil

Stems

ascending to erect, (1–)2–6(–8.5) dm, hairs at base not stiff, not tubercle-based, glands sparse to abundant, conspicuous (to 1 mm, septate).

0.2–1.5 dm.

Leaves

ternate, (2–)4–12(–25) cm;

petiole (1–)2–8(–20) cm, long hairs sparse to common, spreading to ascending, 0.5–1.5(–3) mm, weak, crisped hairs usually absent, glands sparse to abundant, conspicuous (to 1 mm, septate);

leaflets 3, at tip of leaf axis, usually overlapping, largest ones mostly obovate or oval to nearly round, (0.5–)1–3(–4) × 0.3–3(–3.5) cm, distal 3/4 to ± whole margin evenly to unevenly incised 1/4–1/3(–1/2) to midvein, teeth 3–8(–13) per side, surfaces sparsely to moderately hairy, rarely glabrate, glands sparse to abundant at least abaxially.

Basal leaves

ternate, 1.5–10 cm;

petiole 1–7 cm, long hairs ± abundant, spreading to ascending, 0.5–1(–1.5) mm, weak to stiff, glands sparse to abundant;

leaflets 3, central obovate, 0.5–2.5(–3.5) × 0.4–1.3(–2) cm, not to scarcely petiolulate, distal 1/2–2/3 of margins evenly incised ± 1/3 to midvein, teeth 3–5(–6) per side, surfaces green, long hairs ± abundant, 0.5–1 mm, glands sparse to abundant.

Inflorescences

(10–)20–70+-flowered.

1–5(–10)-flowered.

Pedicels

0.2–1(–2) cm.

0.5–2 cm.

Flowers

epicalyx bractlets narrowly oblanceolate to narrowly obovate or elliptic, (1.5–)2–3.5(–4.5) × 0.5–1.5(–2) mm;

hypanthium (2–)3–4(–5.5) mm diam.;

sepals (2–)3–5 mm, apex broadly acute to obtuse;

petals pale yellow to yellow, broadly oblanceolate to obovate, (1–)2–2.7 × 1.5 mm;

stamens 10 or 15, filaments 0.5–1.2 mm, anthers 0.2–0.3 mm;

carpels 40–100, styles 0.5–0.7 mm.

epicalyx bractlets lanceolate-elliptic, (1.5–)2–3(–5) × 0.5–1.5 mm;

hypanthium 3.5–6 mm diam.;

sepals 3–6(–8) mm, apex acute;

petals ± paler abaxially, bright yellow adaxially, narrowly obcordate, (3–)4–7(–8) × 3–5 mm;

filaments 2–4 mm, anthers 0.5–1 mm;

carpels 10–25, styles 2–3 mm.

Achenes

whitish or pale yellowish, 0.5–0.9 mm, smooth, without a corky protuberance.

1.5 mm, smooth.

Short

hairs not well differentiated from long hairs, absent or sparse throughout.

Potentilla biennis

Potentilla albiflora

Phenology Flowering summer. Flowering May–Sep.
Habitat Moist meadows, stream banks, ditches, seepages Rocky slopes, open ground, in pine-oak and mixed conifer woodlands
Elevation 400–3100 m (1300–10200 ft) 1800–3200 m (5900–10500 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AK; AZ; CA; CO; ID; MT; ND; NM; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; SK; YT
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Potentilla biennis may be recognized by its septate hairs with a round, terminal gland, which dominate the vestiture especially at the base of the plant. Stems are more commonly erect and leaflets rounder than those of P. rivalis. The species is most common along the eastern side of the Sierra Nevada of California, across the Intermountain Region to the Rocky Mountains. All specimens seen by the authors from Baja California, Mexico, which were previously referred to P. biennis are now assigned to P. rivalis.

J. Soják (1996) lectotypified Potentilla millegrana Engelmann ex Lehmann upon a collection of P. rivalis, thus preventing P. biennis from being a later taxonomic synonym.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Of conservation concern.

Potentilla albiflora grows on the Pinaleño (Graham) Mountains in Graham County, with a few outlying collections known from the Mogollon Rim in Greenlee County and the Santa Catalina Mountains of Pima County.

Contrary to the specific epithet, petals of living plants are yellow, not white; like those of many Potentilla species, they tend to fade in pressed material.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 9, p. 140. FNA vol. 9, p. 186.
Parent taxa Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Potentilleae > Potentilla > sect. Rivales Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Potentilleae > Potentilla > sect. Subviscosae
Sibling taxa
P. albiflora, P. ambigens, P. anachoretica, P. angelliae, P. anglica, P. anserina, P. arenosa, P. argentea, P. arizonica, P. basaltica, P. bicrenata, P. biflora, P. bimundorum, P. bipinnatifida, P. brevifolia, P. breweri, P. bruceae, P. brunnescens, P. canadensis, P. concinna, P. cottamii, P. crantzii, P. crebridens, P. crinita, P. cristae, P. demotica, P. drummondii, P. effusa, P. elegans, P. erecta, P. flabellifolia, P. fragiformis, P. furcata, P. glaucophylla, P. gracilis, P. grayi, P. hickmanii, P. hippiana, P. holmgrenii, P. hookeriana, P. hyparctica, P. inclinata, P. intermedia, P. jepsonii, P. johnstonii, P. lasiodonta, P. litoralis, P. macounii, P. millefolia, P. modesta, P. morefieldii, P. multijuga, P. multisecta, P. nana, P. newberryi, P. nivea, P. norvegica, P. ovina, P. paucijuga, P. pedersenii, P. pensylvanica, P. plattensis, P. pseudosericea, P. pulchella, P. pulcherrima, P. recta, P. reptans, P. rhyolitica, P. rimicola, P. rivalis, P. robbinsiana, P. rubella, P. rubricaulis, P. sanguinea, P. saximontana, P. sierrae-blancae, P. simplex, P. sterilis, P. stipularis, P. subgorodkovii, P. subjuga, P. subvahliana, P. subviscosa, P. supina, P. thurberi, P. thuringiaca, P. tikhomirovii, P. townsendii, P. uliginosa, P. uschakovii, P. vahliana, P. verna, P. versicolor, P. villosa, P. villosula, P. vulcanicola, P. wheeleri
P. ambigens, P. anachoretica, P. angelliae, P. anglica, P. anserina, P. arenosa, P. argentea, P. arizonica, P. basaltica, P. bicrenata, P. biennis, P. biflora, P. bimundorum, P. bipinnatifida, P. brevifolia, P. breweri, P. bruceae, P. brunnescens, P. canadensis, P. concinna, P. cottamii, P. crantzii, P. crebridens, P. crinita, P. cristae, P. demotica, P. drummondii, P. effusa, P. elegans, P. erecta, P. flabellifolia, P. fragiformis, P. furcata, P. glaucophylla, P. gracilis, P. grayi, P. hickmanii, P. hippiana, P. holmgrenii, P. hookeriana, P. hyparctica, P. inclinata, P. intermedia, P. jepsonii, P. johnstonii, P. lasiodonta, P. litoralis, P. macounii, P. millefolia, P. modesta, P. morefieldii, P. multijuga, P. multisecta, P. nana, P. newberryi, P. nivea, P. norvegica, P. ovina, P. paucijuga, P. pedersenii, P. pensylvanica, P. plattensis, P. pseudosericea, P. pulchella, P. pulcherrima, P. recta, P. reptans, P. rhyolitica, P. rimicola, P. rivalis, P. robbinsiana, P. rubella, P. rubricaulis, P. sanguinea, P. saximontana, P. sierrae-blancae, P. simplex, P. sterilis, P. stipularis, P. subgorodkovii, P. subjuga, P. subvahliana, P. subviscosa, P. supina, P. thurberi, P. thuringiaca, P. tikhomirovii, P. townsendii, P. uliginosa, P. uschakovii, P. vahliana, P. verna, P. versicolor, P. villosa, P. villosula, P. vulcanicola, P. wheeleri
Name authority Greene: Fl. Francisc., 65. (1891) L. O. Williams: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 61: 260. (1934)
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