Potentilla argentea |
Rosaceae tribe Potentilleae |
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hoary cinquefoil, potentille argentée, silver cinquefoil, silver-leaf cinquefoil, silvery cinquefoil |
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Habit | Herbs, perennial, rarely annual or biennial, shrubs, or subshrubs; unarmed. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | mostly decumbent to ascending, 1–6 dm. |
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Leaves | alternate, rarely opposite, pinnately (palmately) compound (simple in Alchemilla, Aphanes, and Chamaerhodos); stipules persistent (absent in Chamaerhodos), adnate to petiole; venation pinnate or palmate. |
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Basal leaves | palmate. |
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Cauline leaves | 2–9, proximal ones 2–7(–10) cm; proximal petioles 1–4(–7) cm, long hairs absent or sparse, ± ascending, 1–2 mm, soft, short and crisped hairs absent or obscured, cottony hairs dense, glands absent or obscured; leaflets 5(–7), central one ± oblanceolate, (0.5–)1–3 × 0.3–1(–1.3) cm, margins revolute, distal 1/2–2/3 evenly or unevenly incised 1/2–3/4+ to midvein, teeth 2–3 per side (more if lobed or secondarily toothed), surfaces strongly dissimilar, abaxial white, long hairs ± sparse (mostly on veins), 1–2 mm, weak, short and crisped hairs absent or obscured, cottony hairs dense, glands absent or obscured, adaxial long hairs absent or sparse to common, short or crisped hairs absent or sparse, cottony hairs absent, glands absent or sparse. |
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Inflorescences | 10–80-flowered. |
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Pedicels | 0.3–1.5(–2) cm. |
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Flowers | epicalyx bractlets oblong to narrowly ovate, 1.5–3 × 0.7–1.2 mm, lengths 2/3–1 times sepals; sepals 2–4.5 mm, apex ± acute; petals (2–)2.5–4 × 1.5–3 mm; filaments 0.8–1.5 mm, anthers 0.3–0.6(–0.8) mm; carpels 30–60, styles 0.6–0.9 mm, often strongly papillate-swollen proximally. |
perianth and androecium perigynous; epicalyx bractlets present, sometimes absent; hypanthium usually patelliform, cupulate, or campanulate, sometimes turbinate, saucer-shaped, flat-bottomed, or subglobose to ellipsoid or ovoid; torus flat to conic or turbinate, enlarged (absent or reduced in Alchemilla, Aphanes, and Chamaerhodos); carpels 1–260, styles basal or lateral to subterminal, distinct; ovules 1(or 2), basal. |
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Fruits | aggregated achenes (achenes in Alchemilla and Aphanes); torus sometimes fleshy; styles deciduous or persistent, not elongate. |
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Achenes | 0.8–1.1 mm, smooth to lightly rugose. |
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2n | = 14, 28, 35, 42, 56, 62 (Eurasia). |
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Potentilla argentea |
Rosaceae tribe Potentilleae |
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Phenology | Flowering spring–summer. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Dry flats and slopes, roadsides, dry ditches, other open sites, in grasslands, oak and conifer woodlands | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 0–2000 m (0–6600 ft) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
CO; CT; DC; IA; ID; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; NC; ND; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; SD; TN; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; SK; SPM; Eurasia [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Pacific Islands (New Zealand)]
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North America; Mexico; Central America; South America; West Indies; Bermuda; Eurasia; Africa; Atlantic Islands; Pacific Islands; Australia |
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Discussion | The bright, silvery vestiture of the leaves quickly distinguishes Potentilla argentea from P. inclinata and P. intermedia. Although treated here as introduced, some (P. A. Rydberg 1898; P. A. Werner and J. D. Soule 1976) considered P. argentea to be probably native in eastern North America. The Potentilla argentea species group is an amphi- or apomictic polyploid complex that has been the subject of numerous cytological, sexual, and molecular studies (for example, A. Müntzing and G. Müntzing 1945; A. Müntzing 1958; J. Paule et al. 2011). Taxonomic treatments have ranged from a highly polymorphic single species to an abundance of species, varieties, and forms (T. Wolf 1908). This treatment is at the conservative end of the spectrum. Some New England references (R. C. Bean et al. 1967; F. C. Seymour 1969) distinguish plants with densely white-hairy adaxial leaflet surfaces as var. pseudocalabra Th. Wolf, a name based on plants from southeastern Europe. Molecular analysis by Paule et al. supports the conclusion by Wolf that the variety consists of intermediates between P. argentea and P. calabra Tenore. The optimum taxonomic disposition of var. pseudocalabra, and whether any North American plants are properly included, remains to be determined. Potentilla argentea has been reported as an active agent in treating cirrhosis of the liver (N. T. Starostenko and V. N. Starostenko 1971). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Genera 14–22, species ca. 860 (14 genera, 189 species, including 1 hybrid, in the flora area). The base chromosome number for Potentilleae is mostly x = 7 (8 in Alchemilla and Aphanes; 14 in Comarum). Variation in the number of genera recognized in Potentilleae is due to differences in generic delimitation between D. Potter et al. (2007) and the authors of Potentilla and segregates here (see 9. Ivesia and 8. Potentilla for discussion). In the former, Duchesnea, Horkelia, Horkeliella, and Ivesia are included within Potentilla. Likewise, Aphanes is included within Alchemilla by Potter et al. while it is kept distinct here. Potentilla and its segregates and Fragaria are host to Phragmidium rusts, but not the other genera of the tribe. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 144. | FNA vol. 9, p. 119. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Potentilleae > Potentilla > sect. Terminales | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 497. (1753) | Sweet: Brit. Fl. Gard. 2: sub plate 124. (1825) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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