Potentilla anglica |
Potentilla villosa |
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English cinquefoil, potentille d'angleterre, trailing cinquefoil, trailing tormentil, wood cinquefoil |
hairy cinquefoil, northern cinquefoil, villous cinquefoil |
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Habit | Plants ± to densely tufted. | |
Caudex branches | stout, sometimes short-columnar, not sheathed with marcescent whole leaves. |
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Stems | soon becoming prostrate, ± flagelliform, usually openly branched, eventually rooting at some nodes, (0.3–)1.5–7+ dm. |
ascending, 0.5–2(–2.5) dm, lengths 1.5–3 times basal leaves. |
Basal leaves | ± persistent, ternate or palmate, 2–10(–12) cm; petiole 1–7(–8) cm, long hairs sparse to abundant, appressed, 0.5–1 mm, stiff, glands absent; leaflets 3–5, central ± obovate to cuneate, 1–3(–3.5) × 0.8–2(–2.5) cm, distal ± 1/2 of margin incised 1/4–1/3(–1/2) to midvein, teeth 2–4 per side, surfaces similar, green, sparsely to moderately hairy. |
2–12(–15) cm; petiole 1–9(–12) cm, long hairs ± abundant to dense, spreading to ascending, 1–2.5(–3) mm, soft to weak, smooth, crisped hairs absent or sparse, cottony hairs absent, glands sparse to common, sometimes obscured; leaflets usually ± overlapping, central broadly obovate to suborbiculate, (0.5–)1.5–2.5(–3) × (0.5–)1.5–2.6(–3.2) cm, sessile to subsessile, base cuneate to rounded, margins revolute, distal 1/2–2/3(–3/4) incised 1/4–1/2 to midvein, teeth 3–6(–7) per side, ± approximate to ± distant, surfaces ± dissimilar, abaxial yellowish or grayish white, long hairs 1–2 mm, cottony-crisped hairs ± dense, adaxial grayish green, long hairs abundant to dense, crisped hairs absent, sparse, or obscured. |
Cauline leaves | 2–3(–4) proximal to 1st flowering or branching node, usually well expanded at anthesis, usually ternate, 2–6(–10) cm; petiole 0.3–4(–8) cm; leaflets (3–)5, ± resembling or narrower than those of basal leaves, narrowly cuneate, 1–2(–3.5) × 0.8–2(–2.5) cm, apex rounded to obtuse. |
(0–)1–2. |
Inflorescences | solitary flowers at stolon nodes. |
(1–)2–7(–10)-flowered. |
Pedicels | (1–)3–10(–17) cm. |
0.5–3(–4) cm in flower, to 4 cm in fruit. |
Flowers | 4(–5)-merous; epicalyx bractlets narrowly elliptic to oblong or ovate, 3–4(–7) × 1–1.5 mm, smaller than to slightly larger than sepals; hypanthium 2–4 mm diam.; sepals (3–)4–6 mm, apex broadly acute or acuminate; petals 6–9 × 5–9 mm, apex ± retuse; stamens 15–20, filaments 0.8–1.2 mm, anthers 0.8–1.2 mm; carpels 20–50, styles 0.9–1.5 mm. |
epicalyx bractlets ovate to oval-elliptic, 3–8 × 2–5 mm, 2/3 to as wide as sepals, margins strongly revolute, red glands absent; hypanthium 5–7 mm diam.; sepals 4–8 mm, apex ± acute; petals (5–)7–15 × 7–16 mm, significantly longer than sepals; filaments 1.8–2.1 mm, anthers 0.7–0.8 mm; carpels 150–250, apical hairs usually absent, rarely present (cottony), styles narrowly conic to tapered, ± papillate-swollen on proximal 1/5–1/2, 0.9–1.1 mm. |
Achenes | 1–1.5(–1.8) mm, ± smooth. |
0.9–1.3 mm. |
Rootstocks | ± erect, stout to slender, 1–4 cm. |
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2n | = 28, 56 (Europe). |
= 14. |
Potentilla anglica |
Potentilla villosa |
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Phenology | Flowering May–Aug(–Nov). | Flowering spring–summer. |
Habitat | Moist flats and slopes, mainly on acidic soil | Sea cliffs, gravel beaches, inland on alpine outcrops (primarily southern populations), pumice barrens, scree and rock ledges |
Elevation | 0–1200 m (0–3900 ft) | 0–100(–1800) m (0–300(–5900) ft) |
Distribution |
CA; CO; ME; NY; OR; PA; UT; WA; BC; NL; NS; QC; SPM; Europe [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Atlantic Islands (Azores, Madeira), Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia]
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AK; OR; WA; BC; e Asia (Russian Far East)
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Discussion | Potentilla anglica apparently is a product of hybridization involving P. erecta and P. reptans (B. Matfield and J. R. Ellis 1972) that has become stabilized and distinct from both parents. In Europe, it forms back-cross hybrids with both P. erecta (P. ×suberecta Zimmeter) and P. reptans (P. ×mixta Nolte); these hybrids are not known from North America. A garden hybrid supposedly between P. anglica and P. nepalensis Hooker (known as P. ×tonguei Mallett) was found in Allegany State Park, New York, but this was likely cultivated rather than naturalized. Potentilla anglica probably was introduced even in Newfoundland (A. Kurtto et al. in J. Jalas et al. 1972+, vol. 13), contrary to the view expressed by M. L. Fernald (1950). The name Potentilla procumbens Sibthorp was previously used for this species; that is a superfluous and illegitimate name. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Potentilla villosa is the only documented diploid species of sect. Niveae in North America and, almost certainly, it is fully sexual. It is a characteristic species of coarse-grained beaches and coastal cliffs from southwestern British Columbia to western Alaska and the Russian Far East, and also occurs on scattered mountains in the Olympic Peninsula and Cascade Range of Washington and Oregon (providing the higher elevational extreme). These southern populations, which have been called var. parviflora, tend to be smaller, more delicate, less hairy plants in general, with fewer and smaller flowers. At least some plants in some southern populations also have cottony hairs on the carpels. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 135. | FNA vol. 9, p. 201. |
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Potentilleae > Potentilla > sect. Potentilla | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Potentilleae > Potentilla > sect. Niveae |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | P. villosa var. parviflora | |
Name authority | Laicharding: Veg. Europ. 1: 475. (1790) | Pallas ex Pursh: Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 353. (1813) |
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