Potentilla anglica |
Potentilla stipularis |
|
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English cinquefoil, potentille d'angleterre, trailing cinquefoil, trailing tormentil, wood cinquefoil |
stipulate cinquefoil, stipulated cinquefoil |
|
Glands | mostly absent. |
|
Stems | soon becoming prostrate, ± flagelliform, usually openly branched, eventually rooting at some nodes, (0.3–)1.5–7+ dm. |
(0.2–)1–2.5(–3.5) dm. |
Basal leaves | ± persistent, ternate or palmate, 2–10(–12) cm; petiole 1–7(–8) cm, long hairs sparse to abundant, appressed, 0.5–1 mm, stiff, glands absent; leaflets 3–5, central ± obovate to cuneate, 1–3(–3.5) × 0.8–2(–2.5) cm, distal ± 1/2 of margin incised 1/4–1/3(–1/2) to midvein, teeth 2–4 per side, surfaces similar, green, sparsely to moderately hairy. |
3–7(–10) cm; petiole 2–5(–7.5) cm, hairs absent or sparse, appressed to spreading, 0.5–0.8 mm, stiff, glands absent or nearly so; leaflets 7–11, central one oblanceolate-elliptic, 1–2(–3) × 0.3–0.8 cm, distal 1/4 or less of margin incised less than 1/10(–1/4) to midvein, teeth 1–2(–5) per side, surfaces similar, abaxial pale green to reddish, often glaucous, hairs absent or sparse to common on primary veins, appressed to ascending, 0.6–1 mm, stiff, adaxial green or reddish, glabrous or nearly so. |
Cauline leaves | 2–3(–4) proximal to 1st flowering or branching node, usually well expanded at anthesis, usually ternate, 2–6(–10) cm; petiole 0.3–4(–8) cm; leaflets (3–)5, ± resembling or narrower than those of basal leaves, narrowly cuneate, 1–2(–3.5) × 0.8–2(–2.5) cm, apex rounded to obtuse. |
1–3; stipules fused with all or most of petiole, free portion shorter than fused portion. |
Inflorescences | solitary flowers at stolon nodes. |
2–5-flowered. |
Pedicels | (1–)3–10(–17) cm. |
1–3 cm (proximalmost to 6 cm). |
Flowers | 4(–5)-merous; epicalyx bractlets narrowly elliptic to oblong or ovate, 3–4(–7) × 1–1.5 mm, smaller than to slightly larger than sepals; hypanthium 2–4 mm diam.; sepals (3–)4–6 mm, apex broadly acute or acuminate; petals 6–9 × 5–9 mm, apex ± retuse; stamens 15–20, filaments 0.8–1.2 mm, anthers 0.8–1.2 mm; carpels 20–50, styles 0.9–1.5 mm. |
epicalyx bractlets lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, 3–5 × 0.7–1(–1.5) mm; hypanthium 2.5–3 mm diam.; sepals 4–6 mm, apex acute; petals (4–)6–8 × 4–6 mm; filaments 1.6–2 mm, anthers 0.4–0.6 mm; carpels 40–50, styles 0.7–0.9 mm. |
Achenes | 1–1.5(–1.8) mm, ± smooth. |
1.1–1.3 mm, smooth. |
Rootstocks | ± erect, stout to slender, 1–4 cm. |
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2n | = 28, 56 (Europe). |
= 28 (Eurasia). |
Potentilla anglica |
Potentilla stipularis |
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Phenology | Flowering May–Aug(–Nov). | Flowering summer. |
Habitat | Moist flats and slopes, mainly on acidic soil | Herb meadows, alluvial meadows and flats, open shrub thickets, Salix-Dryas tundra |
Elevation | 0–1200 m (0–3900 ft) | 10–600 m (0–2000 ft) |
Distribution |
CA; CO; ME; NY; OR; PA; UT; WA; BC; NL; NS; QC; SPM; Europe [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Atlantic Islands (Azores, Madeira), Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia]
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AK; Greenland; Eurasia |
Discussion | Potentilla anglica apparently is a product of hybridization involving P. erecta and P. reptans (B. Matfield and J. R. Ellis 1972) that has become stabilized and distinct from both parents. In Europe, it forms back-cross hybrids with both P. erecta (P. ×suberecta Zimmeter) and P. reptans (P. ×mixta Nolte); these hybrids are not known from North America. A garden hybrid supposedly between P. anglica and P. nepalensis Hooker (known as P. ×tonguei Mallett) was found in Allegany State Park, New York, but this was likely cultivated rather than naturalized. Potentilla anglica probably was introduced even in Newfoundland (A. Kurtto et al. in J. Jalas et al. 1972+, vol. 13), contrary to the view expressed by M. L. Fernald (1950). The name Potentilla procumbens Sibthorp was previously used for this species; that is a superfluous and illegitimate name. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
The occurrences of Potentilla stipularis in Alaska are a continuation of the range from Asia. The six known occurrences in eastern and northeastern Greenland are disjunct (A. E. Porsild 1964) and were assigned to var. groenlandica by Sørensen, differing from Asian and Alaskan counterparts mainly in quantitative features: 9–11 leaflets, 7–11 teeth per leaflet, and not conspicuously glaucous (G. Halliday, pers. comm.). Here var. groenlandica is considered a high-arctic ecotype that provisionally is not accepted taxonomically. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 135. | FNA vol. 9, p. 147. |
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Potentilleae > Potentilla > sect. Potentilla | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Potentilleae > Potentilla > sect. Chrysanthae |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | P. stipularis var. groenlandica | |
Name authority | Laicharding: Veg. Europ. 1: 475. (1790) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 498. (1753) |
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