Potentilla anglica |
Potentilla gracilis |
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English cinquefoil, potentille d'angleterre, trailing cinquefoil, trailing tormentil, wood cinquefoil |
graceful cinquefoil, northwest cinquefoil, potentille grêle, slender cinquefoil |
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Glands | usually absent or inconspicuous, uncolored. |
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Stems | soon becoming prostrate, ± flagelliform, usually openly branched, eventually rooting at some nodes, (0.3–)1.5–7+ dm. |
ascending to erect, (0.5–)2–7(–12) dm. |
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Basal leaves | ± persistent, ternate or palmate, 2–10(–12) cm; petiole 1–7(–8) cm, long hairs sparse to abundant, appressed, 0.5–1 mm, stiff, glands absent; leaflets 3–5, central ± obovate to cuneate, 1–3(–3.5) × 0.8–2(–2.5) cm, distal ± 1/2 of margin incised 1/4–1/3(–1/2) to midvein, teeth 2–4 per side, surfaces similar, green, sparsely to moderately hairy. |
usually not in ranks, palmate, rarely subpalmate, 4–40(–55) cm; petiole (2–)3–25(–45) cm, long hairs sparse to dense, appressed to spreading, 0.5–2(–3) mm, weak to stiff, short hairs absent, crisped hairs usually absent, cottony hairs absent or sparse to abundant (var. owyheensis), glands absent or sparse; leaflets 5–9, on tip, rarely less than distal 1/10, of leaf axis, separate to overlapping, largest ones oblanceolate to elliptic or obovate, (1.5–)2–9(–11) × (0.7–)1.5–4 cm, margins flat to revolute, distal (2/3–)3/4 to nearly whole length evenly to unevenly incised 1/4–3/4+ to midvein, undivided medial blade 2–20 mm wide, teeth (4–)6–10(–11) per side (sometimes secondarily toothed), linear to broadly lanceolate, 2–20(–35) mm, surfaces ± similar to strongly dissimilar, abaxial green or pale green to white, usually not glaucous, long hairs sparse to abundant (sometimes mostly on veins), short-crisped hairs absent or sparse to abundant, cottony hairs absent or sparse to dense, glands usually absent or obscured to sparse, sometimes common, adaxial dark green to grayish, long hairs sparse to ± abundant, rarely absent or dense, short-crisped hairs absent or sparse, cottony hairs absent or sparse to abundant (var. owyheensis), glands usually absent or sparse to sometimes common. |
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Cauline leaves | 2–3(–4) proximal to 1st flowering or branching node, usually well expanded at anthesis, usually ternate, 2–6(–10) cm; petiole 0.3–4(–8) cm; leaflets (3–)5, ± resembling or narrower than those of basal leaves, narrowly cuneate, 1–2(–3.5) × 0.8–2(–2.5) cm, apex rounded to obtuse. |
1–4(–5). |
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Inflorescences | solitary flowers at stolon nodes. |
(4–)10–50(–60)-flowered. |
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Pedicels | (1–)3–10(–17) cm. |
0.3–3 cm. |
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Flowers | 4(–5)-merous; epicalyx bractlets narrowly elliptic to oblong or ovate, 3–4(–7) × 1–1.5 mm, smaller than to slightly larger than sepals; hypanthium 2–4 mm diam.; sepals (3–)4–6 mm, apex broadly acute or acuminate; petals 6–9 × 5–9 mm, apex ± retuse; stamens 15–20, filaments 0.8–1.2 mm, anthers 0.8–1.2 mm; carpels 20–50, styles 0.9–1.5 mm. |
epicalyx bractlets linear to narrowly lanceolate or elliptic, 2–6(–8) × 0.5–1.5(–2.5) mm, hairs sparse to abundant, rarely dense, ± appressed to ascending, rarely spreading, glands usually absent or inconspicuous; hypanthium 3.5–6 mm diam.; sepals 4–8(–10) mm, apex acute to long acuminate; petals (3–)4–10(–11) × (3–)4–10(–12) mm; filaments (1–)1.5–2.5(–3.5) mm, anthers 0.6–1.2(–1.6) mm; carpels (15–)20–50, styles ± tapered, papillate-swollen proximally, (1–)1.5–2.5(–3) mm. |
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Achenes | 1–1.5(–1.8) mm, ± smooth. |
1–1.8 mm. |
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Rootstocks | ± erect, stout to slender, 1–4 cm. |
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2n | = 28, 56 (Europe). |
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Potentilla anglica |
Potentilla gracilis |
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Phenology | Flowering May–Aug(–Nov). | |||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Moist flats and slopes, mainly on acidic soil | |||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 0–1200 m (0–3900 ft) | |||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
CA; CO; ME; NY; OR; PA; UT; WA; BC; NL; NS; QC; SPM; Europe [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Atlantic Islands (Azores, Madeira), Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia]
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AK; AZ; CA; CO; ID; MI; MN; MT; ND; NV; OR; SD; UT; WA; WI; WY; AB; BC; MB; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT
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Discussion | Potentilla anglica apparently is a product of hybridization involving P. erecta and P. reptans (B. Matfield and J. R. Ellis 1972) that has become stabilized and distinct from both parents. In Europe, it forms back-cross hybrids with both P. erecta (P. ×suberecta Zimmeter) and P. reptans (P. ×mixta Nolte); these hybrids are not known from North America. A garden hybrid supposedly between P. anglica and P. nepalensis Hooker (known as P. ×tonguei Mallett) was found in Allegany State Park, New York, but this was likely cultivated rather than naturalized. Potentilla anglica probably was introduced even in Newfoundland (A. Kurtto et al. in J. Jalas et al. 1972+, vol. 13), contrary to the view expressed by M. L. Fernald (1950). The name Potentilla procumbens Sibthorp was previously used for this species; that is a superfluous and illegitimate name. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Varieties 5 (5 in the flora). Because variation within Potentilla gracilis and other members of sect. Graciles is still far from resolved, taxonomic recognition is given to only the most distinctive extremes and that mostly at the varietal level. The goal is to call attention to areas that need study rather than to provide a full resolution, and even this leaves out some large, widespread populations in both keys and descriptions. The taxonomic placement of some available names, such as P. glomerata A. Nelson, P. longipedunculata Rydberg, and P. macropetala Rydberg, likewise remains unresolved. The vouchers for the report by M. L. Fernald (1950) of Potentilla gracilis and P. pulcherrima from New Hampshire are presumably specimens collected in Coos County by A. S. Pease (NEBC). The three collections differ from one another, corresponding most closely to var. fastigiata, var. flabelliformis, and P. pulcherrima. The presence of such diversity in the same meadow, all as disjunct occurrences, suggests an artificial, non-persisting introduction. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 135. | FNA vol. 9, p. 153. | ||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Potentilleae > Potentilla > sect. Potentilla | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Potentilleae > Potentilla > sect. Graciles | ||||||||||||||||
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Name authority | Laicharding: Veg. Europ. 1: 475. (1790) | Douglas ex Hooker: Bot. Mag. 57: plate 2984. (1830) | ||||||||||||||||
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