Potentilla anglica |
Potentilla cristae |
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English cinquefoil, potentille d'angleterre, trailing cinquefoil, trailing tormentil, wood cinquefoil |
crested cinquefoil, crested potentilla |
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Habit | Plants tufted to densely matted; caudex branches usually short, stout, sometimes embedded in old leaf bases. | |
Stems | soon becoming prostrate, ± flagelliform, usually openly branched, eventually rooting at some nodes, (0.3–)1.5–7+ dm. |
ascending to erect, 0.3–2 dm, lengths 2–3 times basal leaves. |
Basal leaves | ± persistent, ternate or palmate, 2–10(–12) cm; petiole 1–7(–8) cm, long hairs sparse to abundant, appressed, 0.5–1 mm, stiff, glands absent; leaflets 3–5, central ± obovate to cuneate, 1–3(–3.5) × 0.8–2(–2.5) cm, distal ± 1/2 of margin incised 1/4–1/3(–1/2) to midvein, teeth 2–4 per side, surfaces similar, green, sparsely to moderately hairy. |
not in ranks, ternate, 1–5(–9) cm; stipules: apex acute to obtuse; petiole 1–4 cm, long hairs absent or sparse to common, spreading to ascending, 0.5–2 mm, ± weak, glands sparse to abundant; leaflets 3, central flabellate, 0.4–2 × 0.5–1.5 cm, petiolule 1–3 mm, margins flat, distal 3/4+ deeply 3–5-lobed (sinuses extending 1/2 to nearly to midvein), lobes unevenly incised 1/4–1/2 to midvein, teeth 2–5 per lobe, surfaces similar, dark green, hairs ± sparse, 0.5–1.5 mm, glands sparse to abundant. |
Cauline leaves | 2–3(–4) proximal to 1st flowering or branching node, usually well expanded at anthesis, usually ternate, 2–6(–10) cm; petiole 0.3–4(–8) cm; leaflets (3–)5, ± resembling or narrower than those of basal leaves, narrowly cuneate, 1–2(–3.5) × 0.8–2(–2.5) cm, apex rounded to obtuse. |
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Inflorescences | solitary flowers at stolon nodes. |
1–7-flowered. |
Pedicels | (1–)3–10(–17) cm. |
straight, 0.2–1.2(–2) cm, not much longer in fruit than in flower. |
Flowers | 4(–5)-merous; epicalyx bractlets narrowly elliptic to oblong or ovate, 3–4(–7) × 1–1.5 mm, smaller than to slightly larger than sepals; hypanthium 2–4 mm diam.; sepals (3–)4–6 mm, apex broadly acute or acuminate; petals 6–9 × 5–9 mm, apex ± retuse; stamens 15–20, filaments 0.8–1.2 mm, anthers 0.8–1.2 mm; carpels 20–50, styles 0.9–1.5 mm. |
epicalyx bractlets broadly ovate, 2–4 × 2 mm, margins flat; hypanthium 3.5–6 mm diam.; sepals 3–5 mm, apex broadly acute to obtuse; petals yellow, 3–5.5 × 4–5 mm; filaments 0.7–1.7 mm, anthers 0.5–0.6 mm; carpels 25–40, styles tapered-filiform, ± papillate-swollen in proximal 1/5–/1/3, 1.3–2 mm. |
Achenes | 1–1.5(–1.8) mm, ± smooth. |
1–1.5 mm, dorsally crested. |
Rootstocks | ± erect, stout to slender, 1–4 cm. |
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2n | = 28, 56 (Europe). |
= 42. |
Potentilla anglica |
Potentilla cristae |
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Phenology | Flowering May–Aug(–Nov). | Flowering summer. |
Habitat | Moist flats and slopes, mainly on acidic soil | Rocky, open, serpentine slopes, in conifer woodlands |
Elevation | 0–1200 m (0–3900 ft) | 1800–2800 m (5900–9200 ft) |
Distribution |
CA; CO; ME; NY; OR; PA; UT; WA; BC; NL; NS; QC; SPM; Europe [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Atlantic Islands (Azores, Madeira), Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia]
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CA |
Discussion | Potentilla anglica apparently is a product of hybridization involving P. erecta and P. reptans (B. Matfield and J. R. Ellis 1972) that has become stabilized and distinct from both parents. In Europe, it forms back-cross hybrids with both P. erecta (P. ×suberecta Zimmeter) and P. reptans (P. ×mixta Nolte); these hybrids are not known from North America. A garden hybrid supposedly between P. anglica and P. nepalensis Hooker (known as P. ×tonguei Mallett) was found in Allegany State Park, New York, but this was likely cultivated rather than naturalized. Potentilla anglica probably was introduced even in Newfoundland (A. Kurtto et al. in J. Jalas et al. 1972+, vol. 13), contrary to the view expressed by M. L. Fernald (1950). The name Potentilla procumbens Sibthorp was previously used for this species; that is a superfluous and illegitimate name. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Of conservation concern. Potentilla cristae is known only from Cory Peak, Mount Eddy, and the Marble Mountains in northwestern California. In addition to the characteristics in the key, the species is distinctive in having a low dorsal crest on the achenes, hence the specific epithet. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 135. | FNA vol. 9, p. 191. |
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Potentilleae > Potentilla > sect. Potentilla | Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Potentilleae > Potentilla > sect. Aureae |
Sibling taxa | ||
Name authority | Laicharding: Veg. Europ. 1: 475. (1790) | Ferlatte & Strother: Madroño 37: 190, fig. 1. (1990) |
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