Potamogeton diversifolius |
Potamogeton illinoensis |
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diverse-leaf pondweed, Rafinesque's pondweed, water-thread pondweed |
Illinois pondweed, pondweed, potamot de i'Illinois, shining pondweed |
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Rhizomes | present. |
present. |
Cauline stems | compressed, without spots, 10–35 cm; glands absent. |
terete, without spots, 28–120 cm; nodal glands absent. |
Turions | absent. |
absent. |
Leaves | both submersed and floating or floating absent, ± spirally arranged. |
both submersed and floating or the floating absent, ± spirally arranged. |
Floating leaves | petiolate; petioles continuous in color to apex, 0.7–0.8 cm; blade adaxially light green, obovate to elliptic, 0.8–1.6 cm × 3–8.5 mm, base acute, apex round to acute; veins 3–7. |
petioles continuous in color to apex, 2–9 cm; blade adaxially light green, elliptic to oblong-elliptic, 4–19 cm × 20–65 mm, base cuneate, apex round-mucronate; veins 13–29. |
Submersed leaves | sessile, lax; stipules persistent to deliquescent, inconspicuous, convolute, adnate to blade ½ stipule length, light brown to red-brown, ligulate, 1.5–2.3 cm, not fibrous, not shredding at tip, apex obtuse; blade red-brown to light green, linear, often arcuate, 1–1.3 cm × 0.1 mm, base slightly tapering, without basal lobes, not clasping, margins entire, not crispate, apex not hoodlike, acute, lacunae present, 1–2 rows each side midrib; veins 1. |
sessile or petiolate, lax; stipules persistent, conspicuous, convolute, free from blade, light brown to red-brown, not ligulate, 1–8 cm, not fibrous, not shredding at tip, apex acuminate; petioles if present 0.5–4 cm; blade red-brown to light green, elliptic to lanceolate or rarely linear, often arcuate, 5–20 cm × 2–45 mm, base acute, margins entire, often crispate, apex not hoodlike, acute-mucronate, lacunae in 2–5 rows each side midrib; veins 7–19. |
Inflorescences | unbranched; peduncles dimorphic, submersed axillary, recurved, clavate, 3–5 mm, emersed axillary or terminal, erect to slightly recurved, clavate, 6–15 mm; spikes dimorphic, submersed capitate, 2–3 mm, emersed cylindric, 5–9.7 mm. |
emersed, unbranched; peduncles not dimorphic, terminal or axillary, erect to ascending, cylindric, 4–30 cm; spikes not dimorphic, cylindric, 25–70 mm. |
Fruits | sessile, greenish brown, orbicular, compressed, abaxially winged, laterally winged, 1–1.5 × 0.9–2 mm, lateral wings with sharp points; beak present, erect, 0.1 mm; sides without basal tubercles; embryo with more than 1 full spiral. |
sessile, grayish green to olive green, obovoid to ovoid, laterally compressed, abaxially keeled, laterally ridged, 2.5–3.6 × 2.1–3 mm, abaxial keel well developed, lateral ridges without points; beak erect to slightly recurved, 0.5–0.8 mm; sides without basal tubercles; embryo with 1 full spiral. |
2n | = 104. |
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Potamogeton diversifolius |
Potamogeton illinoensis |
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Phenology | Flowering and fruiting spring–fall. | Flowering and fruiting summer–fall. |
Habitat | Ponds, lakes, streams, and rivers | Alkaline waters of streams, rivers, lakes, ponds, and sloughs |
Elevation | 5–2500 m (0–8200 ft) | 0–2700 m (0–8900 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NJ; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; Mexico; Wyo
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AL; AR; CA; CO; CT; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; MD; MI; MN; MO; MT; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; SC; SD; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; BC; MB; NB; NT; ON; QC; Mexico; Central America; South America; West Indies
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Discussion | Potamogeton diversfolius is very likely the most common species of Potamogeton the genus in the southeastern United States. It has been separated into two species, P. diversifolius in the strict sense and P. capillaceus (M. L. Fernald 1932). The species has also been divided into two varieties, var. diversifolius and var. trichophyllous Morong (D. O S. Correll and M. C. Johnston 1970) . Potamogeton diversifolius var. trichophyllous actually is misapplied, as the name really refers to the more northern P. bicupulatus Fernald. We are following E. J. Klekowski Jr. and E. O. Beal (1965) in accepting only one taxon, as we have studied the species over much of its range and reached similar conclusions. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Potamogeton illinoensis and P. gramineus are often difficult to separate. Certainly, in the extreme of each they are easily separated, but they continually grade into each other. Features to look for are the acute-mucronate apex of the submersed leaves of P. illinoensis and the acuminate apex for P. gramineus. Also, the number of veins seems to work as well. Three hybrids, Potamogeton illinoensis × P. nodosus (= P. × faxonii Morong), P. amplifolius × P. illinoensis (= P. × scoliophyllus Hagström), and P. gramineus × P. illinoensis [= P. × spathuliformis (J. W. Robbins) Morong], have been described. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 22. | FNA vol. 22. |
Parent taxa | Potamogetonaceae > Potamogeton | Potamogetonaceae > Potamogeton |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | P. capillaceus | |
Name authority | Rafinesque: Medical Repository hexade 2, 5:354. (1808) | Morong: Botanical Gazette 5: 50. (1880) |
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