Flora of North America species comparison

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Pontederia cordata

langue du boeuf, pickerel-weed, pontédérie cordée
Habit Plants perennial, rooted in mud.
Vegetative stems

contracted, rhizomatous.
Flowering stems

erect, to 120 cm.
Spikes

with up to several hundred flowers, 2–15 cm;

spathes 5–17 cm.
Perianth

mauve, tube 3–9 mm, limb lobes oblanceolate, 5–8 mm, distal central lobe with 2-lobed yellow spot;

proximal stamens 7–13 mm, distal 1.5–6.3 mm;

style 3-lobed.
Sessile

leaves: blade linear.
Petiolate

leaves emersed;

stipule 7–29 cm;

petiole distinctly constricted just below blade, to 60 cm;

blade lanceolate to cordate, 6–22 × 0.7–12 cm.
Utricles

with dentate ridges, 4–6 × 2–3 mm.

Pontederia cordata
Phenology Flowering Mar–Nov in Florida; flowering season shorter farther north.
Habitat Pond and lake margins
Elevation 0–500 m (0–1600 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC; Mexico; South America; Central America (Belize)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Pontederia cordata has a large number of synonyms, at the levels of species, variety, and form (see R. M. Lowden 1973 for most names). Almost all these names are based on variations in leaf shape, but extensive morphological variation has been observed within single populations and even in individual plants. Study is needed to determine the cause of the extreme leaf base forms of cuneate on lanceolate blades and cordate on ovate blades. Variation has also been observed in peduncle pubescence. A velutinous peduncle and ovate leaf blade with slightly cuneate base is consistently found among some South American populations, hence recognition there of var. ovalis (Martius) Solms.

The reproductive biology of Pontederia cordata has been well studied (R. Ornduff 1966; S. D. Price and S. C. H. Barrett 1982, 1984). It is a tristylous species, and most populations contain all three morphs (S. D. Price and S. C. H. Barrett 1982). At least some degree of self-incompatibility exists, being strongest with the short-style morphs and weakest with the midstyle morphs (R. Ornduff 1966).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Source FNA vol. 26, p. 45.
Parent taxa Pontederiaceae > Pontederia
Synonyms Narukila cordata, P. angustifolia, P. cordata var. lanceolata, P. cordata var. lancifolia, P. lanceolata, P. lancifolia, Unisema cordata
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 208. (1753)
Web links 
Unless otherwise noted, all data comes from the online version of the Flora of North America, who have made most of their content available via a Creative Commons license (CC BY 4.0).



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