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bog haircap moss, hummock haircap, narrow-leaf haircap, polytrichum moss, slender haircap

swartz's polytrichum moss

Habit Plants slender, green to whitish green, dark brownish with age, in deep, compact tufts. Plants often rather soft and flexuose, green to blackish when old.
Stems

6–12(–20) cm, simple, densely matted with wooly whitish to light-brownish tomentum.

2–9 cm, simple, erect, in proximal part moderately to densely brownish tomentose.

Leaves

2–5(–6) mm, erect to closely appressed when dry, erect-spreading when moist;

sheath oblong-rectangular, brownish, ± abruptly contracted to the blade;

blade narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, flat, with sharply infolded margins;

marginal lamina 6–7 cells wide, 1-stratose, entire to finely crenulate above, membranous and transparent, abruptly infolded and enclosing the lamellae and overlapping towards the apex;

costa toothed abaxially towards the apex, short-excurrent as a short, reddish brown awn;

lamellae bluntly crenate in profile, 5–8 cells high, the marginal cells in section pyriform, thick-walled, ending in a thickened knob, end cells of lateral lamellae ovoid and scarcely thickened at the apex;

sheath cells 45–80 × 7–10 µm, elongate-rectangular (5–7:1), narrower toward the margin;

cells of the marginal lamina transversely elongate, shorter and obliquely oriented towards the margins, very thick-walled and colorless.

3–8 mm, loosely imbricate, appressed to erect-spreading and flexuose when dry, patent to widely spreading and weakly recurved when moist;

sheath rectangular, scarcely narrowed to the blade;

blade lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, often caducous at the junction of sheath and blade, the apex subulate, weakly channeled;

marginal lamina 6–9 cells wide, distantly toothed to subentire;

costa excurrent as short brown entire to serrulate tip, smooth abaxially or with a few teeth near apex;

lamellae in profile entire to shallowly crenulate, 5–10 cells high, the marginal cells in section usually somewhat broadened, flat-topped or shallowly grooved, single or geminate, thin-walled, smooth, the marginal cells of lateral lamellae asymmetric;

median sheath cells 75–110 × 2–12 µm, linear;

cells of marginal lamina 9–15 µm, quadrate, thin- to firm-walled;

perichaetial leaves with long sheathing bases and short subulate blade.

Seta

2–4 cm, yellowish to reddish brown.

2.5–5 cm, reddish brown.

Sexual condition

dioicous;

perichaetial leaves somewhat longer than the stem leaves, ending in a slender awn.

Capsule

2–3 mm, short-rectangular to almost cubic (1–1.5:1), brownish, sharply 4-angled and prismatic, suberect, becoming horizontal when ripe;

peristome 200–230 µm, divided to 0.8, the teeth 64, obtuse.

2.5–3 cm, ± cubic, sharply 4–angled, suberect when mature, becoming horizontal when old;

peristome teeth 64, 160–210 µm, obtuse, the basal portion 60–75 µm.

Calyptra

dirty white to light brown, enclosing the capsule.

Spores

7–9(–15) µm.

12–15 µm.

Polytrichum strictum

Polytrichum swartzii

Habitat Sphagnum bogs, wet heaths and tundra, muskeg, sedge meadows, moist alpine tundra, also on local elevations and on rotten stumps in wet spruce forests Very wet and regularly flooded situations, sedge meadows, wet tundra and lake shores (D. G. Long 1985)
Elevation low to high elevations
Distribution
from FNA
AK; CA; CO; CT; GA; IA; IL; IN; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MT; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; UT; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; NU; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; South America; e Asia (Russia, Japan); Atlantic Islands (Faroes, Iceland); Greenland; n Asia; n Europe (Scandinavia, Svalbard); Antarctica
[WildflowerSearch map]
from FNA
AK; LB; NT; NU; YT; Greenland; Europe (Scandinavia); n Asia; e Asia; Atlantic Islands (Iceland)
Discussion

Polytrichum strictum is widespread in the boreal regions of the Holarctic, and is one of the commonest low arctic representatives of the family (D. G. Long 1985), with survivals southward in relict bogs, for example in northern Indiana, northern Illinois, and northwestern Iowa, also in alpine situations in the eastern mountains to the Carolinas and Georgia. In Nunavut, it is known from Baffin, Bathurst, and Devon islands. Its characteristic habitat is on hummocks in Sphagnum bogs, in deep masses tightly bound together by dirty-white, wooly tomentum, with short, stiffly erect leaves, and cubical capsules, a clear correlation between a distinctive morphology, distribution, and ecology.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Polytrichum swartzii is a northern species with distantly toothed to subentire leaves, differing chiefly by the rounded-quadrate, flat-topped (not retuse or grooved) and scarcely-thickened marginal cells of the lamellae. The capsules are shortly cubic. In Nunavut, it is known from Baffin and Devon islands.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 27, p. 139. FNA vol. 27, p. 137.
Parent taxa Polytrichaceae > Polytrichum Polytrichaceae > Polytrichum
Sibling taxa
P. commune, P. hyperboreum, P. jensenii, P. juniperinum, P. piliferum, P. swartzii
P. commune, P. hyperboreum, P. jensenii, P. juniperinum, P. piliferum, P. strictum
Synonyms P. affine, P. juniperinum var. affine, P. juniperinum var. gracilius P. commune var. swartzii, P. algidum, P. inconstans
Name authority Bridel: J. Bot. (Schrader) 1800(1): 286. (1801) C. J. Hartman: Handb. Skand. Fl. ed. 5, 361. (1849)
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