Flora of North America species comparison

The green links below add additional plants to the comparison table. Blue links lead to other Web sites.
enable glossary links

Polystichum scopulinum

Polystichum kruckebergii

Eaton's holly fern, mountain holly fern, polystic des rochers, rock sword fern

holly fern, Kruckeberg's holly fern, Kruckeberg's sword fern, Kruckeberg's sword fern fern
Stems

ascending.

ascending.
Leaves

erect, 1–3(–5) dm;

bulblets absent.

erect, 1–2.5 dm;

bulblets absent.
Petiole

1/5–1/3 length of leaf, densely scaly but scales falling off distally;

scales light brown, abruptly diminishing in size distally.

1/10–1/5 length of leaf, sparsely scaly;

scales light brown, gradually diminishing in size distally.
Blade

narrowly lanceolate, 1-pinnate-pinnatifid, base narrowed.

linear, 1-pinnate-pinnatifid, base narrowed.
Pinnae

oblong-lanceolate, overlapping, folded inward and twisted horizontally, 1–3 cm;

base oblique;

margins serrulate with teeth curved inward;

apex obtuse to cuspidate with subapical teeth smaller than apical tooth;

microscales narrowly lanceolate, with stout projections, sparse, on abaxial surface only.

rhombic-ovate to short-falcate, proximal pinnae ± triangular;

pinnae overlapping, twisted somewhat out of plane of blade, 0.5–1.5 cm;

base oblique, acroscopic auricle well developed;

margins shallowly incised to merely dentate or serrulate, teeth spreading and spiny at tip;

apex acute with subapical and apical teeth same size;

microscales lanceolate with few projections, confined to costa, on abaxial surface only.
Indusia

entire-ciliate.

entire.
Spores

brown.

dark brown.
2n

= 164.

= 164.

Polystichum scopulinum

Polystichum kruckebergii
Habitat Rock crevices and at base of boulders, serpentine to acidic substrates, usually exposed to full sun Rocks and cliffs in subalpine to alpine habitats
Elevation 0–3500 m (0–11500 ft) 1500–3200 m (4900–10500 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; CA; CO; ID; MT; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; BC; NF; QC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA; ID; MT; NV; OR; UT; WA; BC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Polystichum scopulinum is widely distributed in the United States west of the 110th meridian, where it occurs in sporadic, usually small populations. The species is abundant only on montane serpentine outcrops. The populations in Newfoundland and Quebec are dramatically disjunct.

Polystichum scopulinum is an allopolyploid, believed on morphologic grounds to be derived from P. imbricans × lemmonii (D. H. Wagner 1979). Based on putative hybridization between P. scopulinum and P. munitum (P. S. Soltis et al. 1989; W. H. Wagner Jr. 1973), however, P. munitum may also be involved. This hybrid is discussed under P. californicum.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Polystichum kruckebergii is widely but sporadically distributed in small numbers in both the Sierra-Cascade and Rocky Mountain systems. Populations sometimes consist of only two or three dwarfed plants that are difficult to distinguish from P. scopulinum, with which they may occur. The spreading teeth of equal size at the pinna apex will usually distinguish this species. Polystichum kruckebergii is a tetraploid presumed to be of hybrid origin, with P. lonchitis and P. lemmonii as its diploid progenitors (W. H. Wagner Jr. 1973), although this hypothesis has not been confirmed. The hybrid with P. munitum has been found in Washington (P. S. Soltis et al. 1987) with both parents, and it is distinguished by intermediate morphology and abortive sporangia.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Source FNA vol. 2. FNA vol. 2.
Parent taxa Dryopteridaceae > Polystichum Dryopteridaceae > Polystichum
Sibling taxa
P. acrostichoides, P. aleuticum, P. andersonii, P. braunii, P. californicum, P. dudleyi, P. imbricans, P. kruckebergii, P. kwakiutlii, P. lemmonii, P. lonchitis, P. microchlamys, P. munitum, P. setigerum
P. acrostichoides, P. aleuticum, P. andersonii, P. braunii, P. californicum, P. dudleyi, P. imbricans, P. kwakiutlii, P. lemmonii, P. lonchitis, P. microchlamys, P. munitum, P. scopulinum, P. setigerum
Synonyms Aspidium aculeatum var. scopulinum, P. mohrioides var. scopulinum
Name authority (D. C. Eaton) Maxon: Fern Bull. 8: 29. (1900) W. H. Wagner: Amer. Fern J. 56: 4. (1966)
Web links 
Unless otherwise noted, all data comes from the online version of the Flora of North America, who have made most of their content available via a Creative Commons license (CC BY 4.0).



Type/paste one or more Latin names into the boxes above; matching taxa will show up below the box as you type. You can use the up/down arrow keys to move through the list.

(If the plant you're looking for doesn't show up in the auto-complete list, that means it either isn't described in Flora of North America yet, or it's listed under a synonym. And please note that Flora of North America is still missing several plant families, including Fabaceae, Apiaceae, Boraginaceae, and Polemoniaceae.)

Choose a data source: Flora of North America, OregonFlora, UW Burke Herbarium

The species comparison tool is brought to you by:
Northwest Wildflowers