Polypodium scouleri |
Polypodium triseriale |
|
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coast, coast polypody, leather fern, leather-leaf fern, leather-leaf polypody, leathery polypody, leathery polypody fern, Scouler's polypody |
anglevein fern |
|
Stems | conspicuously whitish pruinose, stout, 3–12 mm diam., bland to slightly sweet-tasting; scales concolored to weakly bicolored, uniformly dark brown or with pale margins and base, lanceolate, symmetric, margins denticulate. |
not whitish pruinose, slender to stout, 5–15 mm diam., taste unknown; scales brown, ovate-acuminate, symmetric, somewhat to strongly clathrate, margins somewhat lighter, entire. |
Leaves | to 85 cm. |
to 90 cm. |
Petiole | stout, to 3 mm diam. |
slender to stout, to 7 mm diam. |
Blade | ovate-lanceolate, pinnatifid, usually widest just above base, to 27 cm wide, stiff and leathery; rachis sparsely scaly to glabrescent abaxially, glabrous adaxially; scales bicolored, ovate-lanceolate, much more than 6 cells wide. |
broadly ovate, 1-pinnate at base, widest at or near base, to 60 cm wide, papery to almost leathery; rachis glabrous abaxially and adaxially. |
Segments | oblong to linear, usually more than 12 mm wide; margins entire to crenulate; apex rounded to rarely broadly acute; midrib glabrous adaxially. |
(pinnae) linear to oblong, apex acuminate; proximal segments stalked to nearly sessile, distal ones slightly narrowed but broadly adnate at base, less than 35 mm wide; margins entire or slightly wavy; apex acute; midrib glabrous adaxially. |
Sori | crowded against midrib, usually more than 3 mm diam., circular when immature. |
in 1–3 parallel rows on both sides of costa, 0.5–3 mm diam., circular when immature. |
Spores | usually less than 52 µm, rugose, surface projections less than 3 µm tall. |
less than 58 µm, verrucose, with surface projections less than 3 µm. 2n = 148. |
Venation | anastomosing, usually forming 1 row of areoles. |
anastomosing with a regular series of 2–5 rows of areoles on both sides of costae. |
Sporangiasters | absent. |
absent. |
2n | = 74, 111. |
|
Polypodium scouleri |
Polypodium triseriale |
|
Phenology | Sporulating late fall–spring. | |
Habitat | Cracks and ledges on cliffs, occasionally epiphytic, on a variety of substrates but preferring volcanic substrates in warmer, drier climates, rarely far from ocean | Epiphytic |
Elevation | 0–500 m (0–1600 ft) | 0 m (0 ft) |
Distribution |
CA; OR; WA; BC; Mexico in Baja California
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FL; s Mexico; Central America; West Indies; South America to s Brazil; Bolivia |
Discussion | The distinctive Polypodium scouleri has occasionally been assigned to the genus Goniophlebium because of its anastomosing venation and conspicuous areoles. Its venation pattern can be quite variable, however, and cannot be used as the sole feature distinguishing P. scouleri from P. californicum. Combining venation characteristics with others provided in the key distinguishes it clearly from its congeners in Polypodium. Some evidence suggests that P. scouleri hybridizes with P. californicum (S. A. Whitmore, unpubl.). I. Manton (1951) reported diploid and triploid cytotypes for P. scouleri, and variation in spore size suggests that the species may also include tetraploid populations. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Commonly found in montane tropical rainforests, the epiphytic Polypodium triseriale is quite distinct from and probably only distantly related to other North American members of Polypodium. It seems likely that spores are occasionally blown into southern Florida, probably from the West Indies, and plants develop as naturalized populations. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 2. | FNA vol. 2. |
Parent taxa | Polypodiaceae > Polypodium | Polypodiaceae > Polypodium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Goniophlebium triseriale, P. brasiliense | |
Name authority | Hooker & Greville: Icon. Filic. 1: 56. (1829) | Swartz: J. Bot. (Schrader) 1800(2): 26. (1801) |
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