Polypodium scouleri |
Polypodium glycyrrhiza |
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coast, coast polypody, leather fern, leather-leaf fern, leather-leaf polypody, leathery polypody, leathery polypody fern, Scouler's polypody |
licorice fern, licorice polypody fern |
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Stems | conspicuously whitish pruinose, stout, 3–12 mm diam., bland to slightly sweet-tasting; scales concolored to weakly bicolored, uniformly dark brown or with pale margins and base, lanceolate, symmetric, margins denticulate. |
not whitish pruinose, slender to moderately stout, to 6 mm diam., intensely sweet, licorice-flavored; scales concolored, brown or slightly darker near point of attachment, lanceolate to lanceolate-ovate, symmetric, margins entire. |
Leaves | to 85 cm. |
to 75 cm. |
Petiole | stout, to 3 mm diam. |
usually slender, 0.5–2 mm diam. |
Blade | ovate-lanceolate, pinnatifid, usually widest just above base, to 27 cm wide, stiff and leathery; rachis sparsely scaly to glabrescent abaxially, glabrous adaxially; scales bicolored, ovate-lanceolate, much more than 6 cells wide. |
lanceolate-ovate to oblong, pinnatifid, widest near middle or just below, to 16 cm wide, herbaceous, rarely slightly leathery; rachis sparsely scaly to glabrescent abaxially, puberulent adaxially; scales linear, usually less than 3 cells wide. |
Segments | oblong to linear, usually more than 12 mm wide; margins entire to crenulate; apex rounded to rarely broadly acute; midrib glabrous adaxially. |
linear to oblong, less than 12 mm wide; margins serrate; apex acute to attenuate; midrib puberulent adaxially. |
Sori | crowded against midrib, usually more than 3 mm diam., circular when immature. |
midway between margin and midrib or slightly closer to midrib, usually less than 3 mm diam., circular to oval when immature. |
Spores | usually less than 52 µm, rugose, surface projections less than 3 µm tall. |
less than 58 µm, verrucose, with surface projections less than 3 µm. 2n = 74. |
Venation | anastomosing, usually forming 1 row of areoles. |
free. |
Sporangiasters | absent. |
absent. |
2n | = 74, 111. |
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Polypodium scouleri |
Polypodium glycyrrhiza |
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Phenology | Sporulating late fall–spring. | Sporulating late fall–spring. |
Habitat | Cracks and ledges on cliffs, occasionally epiphytic, on a variety of substrates but preferring volcanic substrates in warmer, drier climates, rarely far from ocean | Cliffs and rocky slopes along coasts, often epiphytic, on a variety of substrates |
Elevation | 0–500 m (0–1600 ft) | 0–700 m. (0–2300 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA; OR; WA; BC; Mexico in Baja California
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AK; CA; ID; OR; WA; BC; YT; Asia in Kamchatka in the former Soviet republics
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Discussion | The distinctive Polypodium scouleri has occasionally been assigned to the genus Goniophlebium because of its anastomosing venation and conspicuous areoles. Its venation pattern can be quite variable, however, and cannot be used as the sole feature distinguishing P. scouleri from P. californicum. Combining venation characteristics with others provided in the key distinguishes it clearly from its congeners in Polypodium. Some evidence suggests that P. scouleri hybridizes with P. californicum (S. A. Whitmore, unpubl.). I. Manton (1951) reported diploid and triploid cytotypes for P. scouleri, and variation in spore size suggests that the species may also include tetraploid populations. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Polypodium glycyrrhiza hybridizes with P. calirhiza and with P. hesperium to produce sterile triploids with misshapen spores. Polypodium glycyrrhiza was involved in the origin of both of these allotetraploid species, and some individuals can be difficult to identify. Free versus anastomosing venation distinguishes this species from P. calirhiza; the presence of adaxial hairs on the rachis separates it from P. hesperium. An additional character for distinguishing these taxa is spore length, which is less than 58 µm in diploid P. glycyrrhiza and more than 58 µm in the two tetraploid species. Reports of P. glycyrrhiza occurring in Arizona (T. Reeves 1981; D. B. Lellinger 1985) are based on misidentified specimens. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 2. | FNA vol. 2. |
Parent taxa | Polypodiaceae > Polypodium | Polypodiaceae > Polypodium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | P. aleuticum, P. falcatum, P. occidentale, P. vulgare subsp. occidentale, P. vulgare var. falcatum, P. vulgare var. occidentale | |
Name authority | Hooker & Greville: Icon. Filic. 1: 56. (1829) | D. C. Eaton: Amer. J. Sci. Arts ser. 2, 22: 138. (1856) |
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