Polypodium scouleri |
Polypodium californicum |
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coast, coast polypody, leather fern, leather-leaf fern, leather-leaf polypody, leathery polypody, leathery polypody fern, Scouler's polypody |
California polypody |
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Stems | conspicuously whitish pruinose, stout, 3–12 mm diam., bland to slightly sweet-tasting; scales concolored to weakly bicolored, uniformly dark brown or with pale margins and base, lanceolate, symmetric, margins denticulate. |
dull or inconspicuously glaucous, moderately stout, to 10 mm diam., acrid or bland-tasting; scales uniformly brown or slightly darker near point of attachment, lanceolate-ovate, symmetric, margins entire to erose. |
Leaves | to 85 cm. |
to 70 cm. |
Petiole | stout, to 3 mm diam. |
usually slender, to 3 mm diam. |
Blade | ovate-lanceolate, pinnatifid, usually widest just above base, to 27 cm wide, stiff and leathery; rachis sparsely scaly to glabrescent abaxially, glabrous adaxially; scales bicolored, ovate-lanceolate, much more than 6 cells wide. |
deltate to lanceolate-ovate, pinnatifid, usually widest near base, to 20 cm wide, leathery to herbaceous; rachis sparsely scaly to glabrescent abaxially, puberulent adaxially; scales deltate to ovate, usually more than 10 cells wide. |
Segments | oblong to linear, usually more than 12 mm wide; margins entire to crenulate; apex rounded to rarely broadly acute; midrib glabrous adaxially. |
linear-lanceolate to oblong, usually less than 15 mm wide; margins serrate; apex widely obtuse to rarely attenuate; midrib puberulent adaxially. |
Sori | crowded against midrib, usually more than 3 mm diam., circular when immature. |
midway between margin and midrib or slightly closer to midrib, usually less than 3 mm diam., oval when immature. |
Spores | usually less than 52 µm, rugose, surface projections less than 3 µm tall. |
less than 58 µm, verrucose, with surface projections to 3 µm. 2n = 74. |
Venation | anastomosing, usually forming 1 row of areoles. |
weakly to conspicuously anastomosing, most segments containing several areoles, often forming 1 row. |
Sporangiasters | absent. |
absent. |
2n | = 74, 111. |
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Polypodium scouleri |
Polypodium californicum |
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Phenology | Sporulating late fall–spring. | Sporulating early winter–spring. |
Habitat | Cracks and ledges on cliffs, occasionally epiphytic, on a variety of substrates but preferring volcanic substrates in warmer, drier climates, rarely far from ocean | Cliffs and soil on rocky slopes, on a variety of substrates but usually igneous |
Elevation | 0–500 m (0–1600 ft) | 0–1500 m. (0–4900 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA; OR; WA; BC; Mexico in Baja California
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CA; Mexico in Baja California
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Discussion | The distinctive Polypodium scouleri has occasionally been assigned to the genus Goniophlebium because of its anastomosing venation and conspicuous areoles. Its venation pattern can be quite variable, however, and cannot be used as the sole feature distinguishing P. scouleri from P. californicum. Combining venation characteristics with others provided in the key distinguishes it clearly from its congeners in Polypodium. Some evidence suggests that P. scouleri hybridizes with P. californicum (S. A. Whitmore, unpubl.). I. Manton (1951) reported diploid and triploid cytotypes for P. scouleri, and variation in spore size suggests that the species may also include tetraploid populations. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
R. M. Lloyd and F. A. Lang (1964) recognized two cytotypes within Polypodium californicum. The tetraploid has proved to be an allopolyploid involving P. californicum and P. glycyrrhiza and is treated here as a separate species, P. calirhiza, following S. A. Whitmore and A. R. Smith (1991). Polypodium californicum can be confused with P. calirhiza, but it usually can be distinguished by blade shape, venation, spore size, and geographic distribution. D. S. Barrington et al. (1986) reported that spores of northern populations of P. californicum can be as large as those of P. calirhiza, but the former species has veins forming more areoles per segment than does the latter. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 2. | FNA vol. 2. |
Parent taxa | Polypodiaceae > Polypodium | Polypodiaceae > Polypodium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | P. californicum var. kaulfussii, P. vulgare subsp. californicum, P. vulgare var. kaulfussii | |
Name authority | Hooker & Greville: Icon. Filic. 1: 56. (1829) | Kaulfuss: Enum. Filic. 102. (1824) |
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