Polypodium glycyrrhiza |
Polypodium triseriale |
|
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licorice fern, licorice polypody fern |
anglevein fern |
|
Stems | not whitish pruinose, slender to moderately stout, to 6 mm diam., intensely sweet, licorice-flavored; scales concolored, brown or slightly darker near point of attachment, lanceolate to lanceolate-ovate, symmetric, margins entire. |
not whitish pruinose, slender to stout, 5–15 mm diam., taste unknown; scales brown, ovate-acuminate, symmetric, somewhat to strongly clathrate, margins somewhat lighter, entire. |
Leaves | to 75 cm. |
to 90 cm. |
Petiole | usually slender, 0.5–2 mm diam. |
slender to stout, to 7 mm diam. |
Blade | lanceolate-ovate to oblong, pinnatifid, widest near middle or just below, to 16 cm wide, herbaceous, rarely slightly leathery; rachis sparsely scaly to glabrescent abaxially, puberulent adaxially; scales linear, usually less than 3 cells wide. |
broadly ovate, 1-pinnate at base, widest at or near base, to 60 cm wide, papery to almost leathery; rachis glabrous abaxially and adaxially. |
Segments | linear to oblong, less than 12 mm wide; margins serrate; apex acute to attenuate; midrib puberulent adaxially. |
(pinnae) linear to oblong, apex acuminate; proximal segments stalked to nearly sessile, distal ones slightly narrowed but broadly adnate at base, less than 35 mm wide; margins entire or slightly wavy; apex acute; midrib glabrous adaxially. |
Sori | midway between margin and midrib or slightly closer to midrib, usually less than 3 mm diam., circular to oval when immature. |
in 1–3 parallel rows on both sides of costa, 0.5–3 mm diam., circular when immature. |
Spores | less than 58 µm, verrucose, with surface projections less than 3 µm. 2n = 74. |
less than 58 µm, verrucose, with surface projections less than 3 µm. 2n = 148. |
Venation | free. |
anastomosing with a regular series of 2–5 rows of areoles on both sides of costae. |
Sporangiasters | absent. |
absent. |
Polypodium glycyrrhiza |
Polypodium triseriale |
|
Phenology | Sporulating late fall–spring. | |
Habitat | Cliffs and rocky slopes along coasts, often epiphytic, on a variety of substrates | Epiphytic |
Elevation | 0–700 m. (0–2300 ft.) | 0 m (0 ft) |
Distribution |
AK; CA; ID; OR; WA; BC; YT; Asia in Kamchatka in the former Soviet republics
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FL; s Mexico; Central America; West Indies; South America to s Brazil; Bolivia |
Discussion | Polypodium glycyrrhiza hybridizes with P. calirhiza and with P. hesperium to produce sterile triploids with misshapen spores. Polypodium glycyrrhiza was involved in the origin of both of these allotetraploid species, and some individuals can be difficult to identify. Free versus anastomosing venation distinguishes this species from P. calirhiza; the presence of adaxial hairs on the rachis separates it from P. hesperium. An additional character for distinguishing these taxa is spore length, which is less than 58 µm in diploid P. glycyrrhiza and more than 58 µm in the two tetraploid species. Reports of P. glycyrrhiza occurring in Arizona (T. Reeves 1981; D. B. Lellinger 1985) are based on misidentified specimens. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Commonly found in montane tropical rainforests, the epiphytic Polypodium triseriale is quite distinct from and probably only distantly related to other North American members of Polypodium. It seems likely that spores are occasionally blown into southern Florida, probably from the West Indies, and plants develop as naturalized populations. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 2. | FNA vol. 2. |
Parent taxa | Polypodiaceae > Polypodium | Polypodiaceae > Polypodium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | P. aleuticum, P. falcatum, P. occidentale, P. vulgare subsp. occidentale, P. vulgare var. falcatum, P. vulgare var. occidentale | Goniophlebium triseriale, P. brasiliense |
Name authority | D. C. Eaton: Amer. J. Sci. Arts ser. 2, 22: 138. (1856) | Swartz: J. Bot. (Schrader) 1800(2): 26. (1801) |
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