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licorice fern, licorice polypody fern

anglevein fern

Stems

not whitish pruinose, slender to moderately stout, to 6 mm diam., intensely sweet, licorice-flavored;

scales concolored, brown or slightly darker near point of attachment, lanceolate to lanceolate-ovate, symmetric, margins entire.

not whitish pruinose, slender to stout, 5–15 mm diam., taste unknown;

scales brown, ovate-acuminate, symmetric, somewhat to strongly clathrate, margins somewhat lighter, entire.

Leaves

to 75 cm.

to 90 cm.

Petiole

usually slender, 0.5–2 mm diam.

slender to stout, to 7 mm diam.

Blade

lanceolate-ovate to oblong, pinnatifid, widest near middle or just below, to 16 cm wide, herbaceous, rarely slightly leathery;

rachis sparsely scaly to glabrescent abaxially, puberulent adaxially;

scales linear, usually less than 3 cells wide.

broadly ovate, 1-pinnate at base, widest at or near base, to 60 cm wide, papery to almost leathery;

rachis glabrous abaxially and adaxially.

Segments

linear to oblong, less than 12 mm wide;

margins serrate;

apex acute to attenuate;

midrib puberulent adaxially.

(pinnae) linear to oblong, apex acuminate;

proximal segments stalked to nearly sessile, distal ones slightly narrowed but broadly adnate at base, less than 35 mm wide;

margins entire or slightly wavy;

apex acute;

midrib glabrous adaxially.

Sori

midway between margin and midrib or slightly closer to midrib, usually less than 3 mm diam., circular to oval when immature.

in 1–3 parallel rows on both sides of costa, 0.5–3 mm diam., circular when immature.

Spores

less than 58 µm, verrucose, with surface projections less than 3 µm. 2n = 74.

less than 58 µm, verrucose, with surface projections less than 3 µm. 2n = 148.

Venation

free.

anastomosing with a regular series of 2–5 rows of areoles on both sides of costae.

Sporangiasters

absent.

absent.

Polypodium glycyrrhiza

Polypodium triseriale

Phenology Sporulating late fall–spring.
Habitat Cliffs and rocky slopes along coasts, often epiphytic, on a variety of substrates Epiphytic
Elevation 0–700 m. (0–2300 ft.) 0 m (0 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AK; CA; ID; OR; WA; BC; YT; Asia in Kamchatka in the former Soviet republics
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
FL; s Mexico; Central America; West Indies; South America to s Brazil; Bolivia
Discussion

Polypodium glycyrrhiza hybridizes with P. calirhiza and with P. hesperium to produce sterile triploids with misshapen spores. Polypodium glycyrrhiza was involved in the origin of both of these allotetraploid species, and some individuals can be difficult to identify. Free versus anastomosing venation distinguishes this species from P. calirhiza; the presence of adaxial hairs on the rachis separates it from P. hesperium. An additional character for distinguishing these taxa is spore length, which is less than 58 µm in diploid P. glycyrrhiza and more than 58 µm in the two tetraploid species. Reports of P. glycyrrhiza occurring in Arizona (T. Reeves 1981; D. B. Lellinger 1985) are based on misidentified specimens.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Commonly found in montane tropical rainforests, the epiphytic Polypodium triseriale is quite distinct from and probably only distantly related to other North American members of Polypodium. It seems likely that spores are occasionally blown into southern Florida, probably from the West Indies, and plants develop as naturalized populations.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 2. FNA vol. 2.
Parent taxa Polypodiaceae > Polypodium Polypodiaceae > Polypodium
Sibling taxa
P. amorphum, P. appalachianum, P. californicum, P. calirhiza, P. hesperium, P. saximontanum, P. scouleri, P. sibiricum, P. triseriale, P. virginianum
P. amorphum, P. appalachianum, P. californicum, P. calirhiza, P. glycyrrhiza, P. hesperium, P. saximontanum, P. scouleri, P. sibiricum, P. virginianum
Synonyms P. aleuticum, P. falcatum, P. occidentale, P. vulgare subsp. occidentale, P. vulgare var. falcatum, P. vulgare var. occidentale Goniophlebium triseriale, P. brasiliense
Name authority D. C. Eaton: Amer. J. Sci. Arts ser. 2, 22: 138. (1856) Swartz: J. Bot. (Schrader) 1800(2): 26. (1801)
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