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licorice fern, nested polypody

coast, coast polypody, leather fern, leather-leaf fern, leather-leaf polypody, leathery polypody, leathery polypody fern, Scouler's polypody

Stems

rarely whitish to glaucous, moderately stout to slender, to 8 mm diam., acrid- or slightly sweet-tasting;

scales concolored brown or slightly darker near point of attachment, lanceolate-ovate, symmetric, margins entire to erose.

conspicuously whitish pruinose, stout, 3–12 mm diam., bland to slightly sweet-tasting;

scales concolored to weakly bicolored, uniformly dark brown or with pale margins and base, lanceolate, symmetric, margins denticulate.

Leaves

to 70 cm.

to 85 cm.

Petiole

usually slender, to 3 mm diam.

stout, to 3 mm diam.

Blade

lanceolate-ovate to oblong, pinnatifid, widest below middle or occasionally at base, to 16 cm wide, leathery to herbaceous;

rachis sparsely scaly to glabrescent abaxially, puberulent adaxially;

scales lanceolate-ovate, usually more than 3 cells wide.

ovate-lanceolate, pinnatifid, usually widest just above base, to 27 cm wide, stiff and leathery;

rachis sparsely scaly to glabrescent abaxially, glabrous adaxially;

scales bicolored, ovate-lanceolate, much more than 6 cells wide.

Segments

linear-lanceolate to oblong, usually less than 15 mm wide;

margins conspicuously serrate;

apex obtuse to acute;

midrib puberulent adaxially.

oblong to linear, usually more than 12 mm wide;

margins entire to crenulate;

apex rounded to rarely broadly acute;

midrib glabrous adaxially.

Sori

midway between margin and midrib or slightly closer to midrib, usually less than 4 mm diam., oval when immature.

crowded against midrib, usually more than 3 mm diam., circular when immature.

Spores

more than 58 µm, verrucose, surface projections less than 3 µm. 2n = 148.

usually less than 52 µm, rugose, surface projections less than 3 µm tall.

Venation

weakly to moderately anastomosing, some to many segments lacking areoles.

anastomosing, usually forming 1 row of areoles.

Sporangiasters

absent.

absent.

2n

= 74, 111.

Polypodium calirhiza

Polypodium scouleri

Phenology Sporulating winter–summer. Sporulating late fall–spring.
Habitat Cliffs and rocky slopes, sometimes epiphytic, on a variety of substrates but usually on granite or other igneous rocks Cracks and ledges on cliffs, occasionally epiphytic, on a variety of substrates but preferring volcanic substrates in warmer, drier climates, rarely far from ocean
Elevation 0–1500 m (0–4900 ft) 0–500 m (0–1600 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CA; OR; Mexico
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA; OR; WA; BC; Mexico in Baja California
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[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Although originally considered a cytotype of Polypodium californicum, P. calirhiza is an allotetraploid involving P. californicum and P. glycyrrhiza (S. A. Whitmore and A. R. Smith 1991) and therefore should be treated as a distinct species. Some individuals of P. calirhiza can be difficult to distinguish from the two parental species (see comments under P. californicum and P. glycyrrhiza); most collections can be identified based on a combination of blade shape, venation pattern, spore size, and geographic distribution. Polypodium calirhiza hybridizes with P. glycyrrhiza to produce sterile triploid plants with misshapen spores.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

The distinctive Polypodium scouleri has occasionally been assigned to the genus Goniophlebium because of its anastomosing venation and conspicuous areoles. Its venation pattern can be quite variable, however, and cannot be used as the sole feature distinguishing P. scouleri from P. californicum. Combining venation characteristics with others provided in the key distinguishes it clearly from its congeners in Polypodium. Some evidence suggests that P. scouleri hybridizes with P. californicum (S. A. Whitmore, unpubl.). I. Manton (1951) reported diploid and triploid cytotypes for P. scouleri, and variation in spore size suggests that the species may also include tetraploid populations.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 2. FNA vol. 2.
Parent taxa Polypodiaceae > Polypodium Polypodiaceae > Polypodium
Sibling taxa
P. amorphum, P. appalachianum, P. californicum, P. glycyrrhiza, P. hesperium, P. saximontanum, P. scouleri, P. sibiricum, P. triseriale, P. virginianum
P. amorphum, P. appalachianum, P. californicum, P. calirhiza, P. glycyrrhiza, P. hesperium, P. saximontanum, P. sibiricum, P. triseriale, P. virginianum
Synonyms P. intermedium, P. vulgare var. intermedium
Name authority S. A. Whitmore & A. R. Smith: Madroño 38: 235. (1991) Hooker & Greville: Icon. Filic. 1: 56. (1829)
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