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Appalachian polypody, Appalachian rockcap fern, polypode des appalaches

Stems

often whitish pruinose, slender, to 6 mm diam., acrid-tasting;

scales concolored to weakly bicolored, uniformly golden brown or slightly darker near apex, lanceolate, contorted distally, margins denticulate.

Leaves

to 40 cm.

Petiole

slender, ± 1.5 mm diam.

Blade

elongate-deltate, rarely oblong, pinnatifid, usually widest at or near base, to 9 cm wide, herbaceous to somewhat leathery;

rachis sparsely scaly to glabrescent abaxially, glabrous adaxially;

scales lanceolate-ovate, usually more than 6 cells wide.

Segments

linear to oblong, less than 8 mm wide, margins entire to crenulate;

apex acute to narrowly rounded;

midrib glabrous adaxially.

Sori

midway between margin and midrib to nearly marginal, less than 3 mm diam., circular when immature.

Spores

less than 52 µm, verrucose, projections less than 3 µm tall.

Venation

free.

Sporangiasters

present, usually more than 40 per sorus, heads densely covered with glandular hairs.

2n

= 74.

Polypodium appalachianum

Phenology Sporulating summer–fall.
Habitat Cliffs and rocky slopes, on a variety of substrates
Elevation 0–1800 m (0–5900 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; CT; DC; DE; GA; KY; MA; MD; ME; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; SC; TN; VA; VT; WV; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC
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[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Polypodium appalachianum is a newly recognized species traditionally identified as the diploid cytotype of P. virginianum (A. M. Evans 1971; I. Manton and M. Shivas 1953). Because the tetraploid cytotype is an allopolyploid (C. H. Haufler and Wang Z. R. 1991), and the type specimen of P. virginianum is tetraploid (R. Cranfill and D. M. Britton 1983), the diploid is recognized here as a distinct species, P. appalachianum. Some collections of P. appalachianum can be difficult to distinguish from P. virginianum, but the latter species has spores averaging more than 52 µm, and P. appalachianum has spores less than 52 µm. Frequent hybridization between P. appalachianum and P. virginianum forms morphologically intermediate, triploid individuals with misshapen spores. Particularly confusing is the frequent occurrence of the triploid sympatric with only one parent or with neither parent nearby.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 2.
Parent taxa Polypodiaceae > Polypodium
Sibling taxa
P. amorphum, P. californicum, P. calirhiza, P. glycyrrhiza, P. hesperium, P. saximontanum, P. scouleri, P. sibiricum, P. triseriale, P. virginianum
Name authority Haufler & Windham: Amer. Fern J. 81: 18. (1991)
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