Polygonum ramosissimum |
Polygonum glaucum |
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bushy knotweed, yellow knotweed, yellow-flower knotweed |
seabeach knotweed, seaside knotweed |
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Habit | Plants yellowish green or bluish green, (dark brown to black after drying in subsp. prolificum), heterophyllous or homophyllous. | Plants silvery, homophyllous. | ||||
Stems | erect, usually profusely branched in distal 1/2, not wiry, 10–100(–200) cm. |
prostrate to ascending, branched from base, not wiry, 20–70 cm. |
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Leaves | ocrea 6–12(–15) mm, proximal part cylindric, distal part silvery, soon disintegrating into persistent brown fibers; petiole 2–4 mm; blade variable, light yellowish green to bluish green, proximal often caducous, narrowly elliptic, lanceolate, or oblanceolate, rarely ovate, 8–70 × 4–18(–35) mm, margins flat, apex acute to acuminate or obtuse; distal leaves, either overtopping or shorter than or equaling flowers. |
ocrea persistent, 7–15 mm, proximal part cylindric, pruinose, distal parts silvery, margins overlapping, entire or lacerate; petiole 0.5–3 mm; blade bluish green, lanceolate, 10–30 × 2–8 mm, coriaceous, margins revolute, apex obtuse or acute, rugulose when fresh, markedly rugulose when dried, glaucous; middle stem leaves slightly larger than adjacent branch leaves, distal leaves overtopping flowers they subtend. |
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Inflorescences | axillary or axillary and terminal, spikelike; cymes uniformly distributed or crowded toward tips of branches, 2–5-flowered. |
axillary; cymes uniformly distributed, 1–3-flowered. |
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Pedicels | enclosed in or exserted from ocreae, 1–6 mm. |
enclosed in ocreae, 3–5 mm. |
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Flowers | closed; perianth (2–)2.2–3.6(–4) mm; tube 20–38% of perianth length; tepals overlapping, greenish yellow with greenish yellow or yellow, rarely pink or white, margins, petaloid or sepaloid, not keeled, elliptic to oblong, cucullate; midveins thickened or not; stamens 3–6(–8). |
semi-open; perianth (2–)3–4 mm; tube 12–26% of perianth length; tepals ± recurved, overlapping, white, margins white or pink, petaloid, not keeled, oblong-obovate to spatulate, not cucullate; midvein usually unbranched; stamens 8. |
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Achenes | enclosed in or exserted from perianth, dark brown, ovate, 3-gonous, 1.6–3.5 mm, faces subequal, concave, apex not beaked, edges straight, shiny or dull, usually smooth to roughened, sometimes uniformly or obscurely tubercled; late-season achenes common, 4–15 mm. |
exserted from perianth, reddish brown to dark brown, ovate, 3-gonous, 2.5–3(–4) mm, faces subequal, apex not beaked, edges straight, shiny, smooth; late-season achenes common, 3–5 mm. |
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2n | = 40. |
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Polygonum ramosissimum |
Polygonum glaucum |
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Phenology | Flowering Jul–Nov. | |||||
Habitat | Coastal beaches, sand dunes, margins of salt ponds | |||||
Elevation | 0-10 m (0-0 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DE; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK
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CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; MA; MD; NC; NJ; NY; RI; SC; VA |
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Discussion | Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora). Polygonum ramosissimum exhibits considerable morphological complexity and is similar in difficulty to the P. aviculare complex. Further research is necessary to understand the infraspecific variability of this species (M. Costea and F. J. Tardif 2003b). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Polygonum glaucum is restricted to maritime beaches along the Atlantic coast from Massachusetts south to Georgia. Over most of its range it is rare and declining; populations on coastal islands of Massachusetts and along the shore of Long Island appear to be secure. Seabeach knotweed appears to be related to P. oxyspermum. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 5, p. 551. | FNA vol. 5, p. 553. | ||||
Parent taxa | Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Polygonum > sect. Polygonum | Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Polygonum > sect. Polygonum | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Name authority | Michaux: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 237. (1803) | Nuttall: Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 1: 254. (1818) | ||||
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