Polygonum polygaloides |
Polygonum polygaloides subsp. confertiflorum |
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close-flower knotweed, close-flower knotweed (ssp. confertiflorum), Kellogg's knotweed (ssp. kelloggii), milkwort knotweed, polygala knotweed, whitemargin knotweed |
close-flower knotweed, dense knotweed, dense-flower knotweed, fruit-leaf knotweed |
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Habit | Herbs. | |||||||||||||||||
Stems | erect, green, usually divaricately branched, rarely simple, ± wiry, (2–)6–20(–25) cm, glabrous. |
2–15 cm. |
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Leaves | uniformly distributed, articulated to ocreae, basal leaves often caducous, distal leaves abruptly reduced to bracts; ocrea 4–8 mm, glabrous, proximal part cylindric, distal part silvery, with inconspicuous veins, lacerate; petiole absent; blade 3-veined, lateral veins sometimes inconspicuous, without pleats, narrowly linear, 10–40 × 1–2.5 mm, margins ± revolute, smooth, apex acute or mucronate. |
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Inflorescences | axillary and terminal, spikelike, subglobose to cylindric; cymes in most axils or crowded distally, 1–3-flowered. |
mostly confined to tips of branches, rarely interrupted and continuous from bases of branches or stems, ovoid to cylindric, 7–40 × 5–10 mm; bracts ascending to appressed, linear to linear-lanceolate, 4–11 mm, moderately rigid to rigid, margins revolute, white, scarious portion 0.25–0.4 mm wide; midvein moderately to heavily thickened, lateral veins inconspicuous. |
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Pedicels | enclosed in ocreae, erect, 0.1–2 mm, sometimes absent. |
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Flowers | mostly closed; perianth 1.5–3 mm; tube 19–40% of perianth length; tepals overlapping, uniformly white, pink, or red, petaloid, oblong-lanceolate, ± navicular, apex acute to acuminate; midveins usually unbranched or with 2 lateral branches proximally, moderately to strongly thickened, tepals appearing ± keeled; stamens 3–8. |
perianth 1.8–2.2(–2.4) mm; tube 22–30% of perianth length; tepals white or red; perianth tube and base of tepals smooth or, sometimes, papillose; stamens 3. |
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Achenes | enclosed in perianth, light yellow, light brown, or greenish brown to dark brown, ovate to lanceolate, 1.3–2.5 mm, faces subequal, shiny or dull, smooth or reticulate with longitudinal ridges. |
brown to dark brown, ovate-lanceolate to ovate, 1.5–2 mm, reticulate with longitudinal ridges, dull. |
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Polygonum polygaloides |
Polygonum polygaloides subsp. confertiflorum |
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Phenology | Flowering May–Aug. | |||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Vernal pools, wet meadows | |||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 500-1900 m (1600-6200 ft) | |||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
AZ; CA; CO; ID; MT; NM; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; SK
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AZ; CA; CO; ID; MT; NM; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; SK |
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Discussion | Subspecies 4 (4 in the flora). J. C. Hickman’s (1993c) treatment of the Polygonum polygaloides complex is provisionally accepted here. Most of the intermediate specimens occur between subspp. confertiflorum, esotericum, and kelloggii. Alternatively, P. polygaloides could be recognized in the narrow sense and the three other taxa could be treated as subspecies of a separate P. kelloggii, the earliest available binomial. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 5, p. 565. | FNA vol. 5, p. 566. | ||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Polygonum > sect. Duravia | Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Polygonum > sect. Duravia > Polygonum polygaloides | ||||||||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||||||||||
Synonyms | P. confertiflorum, P. kelloggii var. confertiflorum, P. watsonii | |||||||||||||||||
Name authority | Meisner: in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr. 14: 101. (1856) | (Nuttall ex Piper) J. C. Hickman: Madroño 31: 251. (1984) | ||||||||||||||||
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