Polygonum parryi |
Polygonum marinense |
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Parry's knotweed, Parry's or prickly knotweed, prickly knotweed |
Marin knotweed |
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Habit | Herbs, compact, often cushion-like. | Plants often reddish tinged, heterophyllous, subsucculent. |
Stems | erect, green-brown, simple or branched from base, not wiry, 2–5(–8) cm, glabrous. |
prostrate to ascending, branching from base, not wiry, 15–40 cm. |
Leaves | ± uniformly distributed, dense, not articulated to ocreae, basal leaves ± persistent, distal leaves gradually reduced to bracts; ocrea 2–4(–5) mm, glabrous, proximal part cylindric, distal part deeply lacerate, disintegrating into white, curled fibers; petiole absent; blade 3-veined, without pleats, linear-lanceolate, subulate, 5–13(–20) × 0.4–1 mm, margins revolute, smooth, apex spine-tipped. |
ocrea 4–6 mm, proximal part funnelform, distal part silvery hyaline, soon disintegrating, leaving almost no fibrous remains; petiole 2–5 mm; blade often reddish tinged, elliptic to obovate or oblanceolate; 20–35 × 9–16 mm, margins flat, apex rounded; stem leaves (1.3–)2–2.6(–3.5) times as long as branch leaves; distal leaves overtopping flowers in distal part of inflorescence. |
Inflorescences | axillary; cymes in most axils, 1-flowered. |
axillary; cymes in most leaf axils, 1–4-flowered. |
Pedicels | absent. |
mostly exserted from ocreae, 2–4 mm. |
Flowers | closed; perianth 1.5–2(–2.5) mm; tube 6–15% of perianth length; tepals overlapping, usually reddish with white margins, petaloid, oblong, navicular, apex acute; midveins unbranched; stamens 8. |
semi-open; perianth 3–3.5(–4) mm; tube 18–25% of perianth length; tepals overlapping, green, margins white or pink, petaloid, not keeled, broadly rounded, cucullate; midveins unbranched; stamens 8. |
Achenes | slightly exserted from perianth at maturity, dark brown, ovate, 1.2–1.6(–2) mm, faces subequal, shiny, smooth. |
exserted from perianth, brown, ovate, 3-gonous, 2.8–3.4(–4) mm, faces subequal or evidently unequal, apex not beaked, edges straight, shiny, minutely roughened; late-season achenes uncommon, 4.5–5 mm. |
2n | = 60. |
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Polygonum parryi |
Polygonum marinense |
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Phenology | Flowering May–July. | Flowering Apr–Oct. |
Habitat | Vernally moist, open, sandy or rocky places | Coastal salt and brackish marshes, swamps |
Elevation | 500-2000 m (1600-6600 ft) | 0-10 m (0-0 ft) |
Distribution |
CA; WA
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CA
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Discussion | Of conservation concern. The origin and taxonomic affinities of Polygonum marinense are uncertain. T. R. Mertens and P. H. Raven (1965) suggested a relationship with P. oxyspermum C. A. Meyer & Bunge or the Mediterranean P. robertii Loiseleur-Deslongchamps. Polygonum marinense may be confused with P. ramosissimum. It can be distinguished by its subsucculent texture, funnelform ocreae, leaves rounded at the apices, and semi-open flowers. Marin knotweed is known from fewer than 15 locations in Marin, Napa, Solano, and Sonoma counties; it is threatened by coastal development. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 5, p. 563. | FNA vol. 5, p. 552. |
Parent taxa | Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Polygonum > sect. Duravia | Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Polygonum > sect. Polygonum |
Sibling taxa | ||
Name authority | Greene: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 8: 99. (1881) | T. R. Mertens & P. H. Raven: Madroño 18: 87. (1965) |
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