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beach knotweed, beach or black or dune knotweed, black knotweed, dune knotweed

Marin knotweed

Habit Shrubs or subshrubs. Plants often reddish tinged, heterophyllous, subsucculent.
Stems

prostrate or ascending, brown, branched, rooting at nodes, not wiry, 10–100 cm, glabrous, covered with remains of lacerate, hyaline ocreae.

prostrate to ascending, branching from base, not wiry, 15–40 cm.

Leaves

crowded at branch tips, articulated to ocreae, basal leaves caducous or persistent, distal leaves not reduced in size;

ocrea 15–20 mm, glabrous, proximal part cylindric to funnelform, distal part silvery, entire or slightly lacerate, disintegrating into persistent white-gray curly fibers;

petiole 0–0.5 mm;

blade 1-veined, without pleats, linear to oblanceolate, (5–)10–20(–33) × 3–8 mm, coriaceous, margins revolute, smooth, apex acute or mucronate.

ocrea 4–6 mm, proximal part funnelform, distal part silvery hyaline, soon disintegrating, leaving almost no fibrous remains;

petiole 2–5 mm;

blade often reddish tinged, elliptic to obovate or oblanceolate; 20–35 × 9–16 mm, margins flat, apex rounded;

stem leaves (1.3–)2–2.6(–3.5) times as long as branch leaves;

distal leaves overtopping flowers in distal part of inflorescence.

Inflorescences

axillary;

cymes crowded in distal axils, 2–5-flowered.

axillary;

cymes in most leaf axils, 1–4-flowered.

Pedicels

enclosed in ocreae, erect to spreading, 2–5 mm.

mostly exserted from ocreae, 2–4 mm.

Flowers

semi-open or open;

perianth (4.5–)6–10 mm;

tube 22–48% of perianth length;

tepals partially overlapping, uniformly pink or white, reddish brown when dried, petaloid, oblong-ovate to ± lanceolate, apex rounded;

midveins pinnately branched;

stamens 8.

semi-open;

perianth 3–3.5(–4) mm;

tube 18–25% of perianth length;

tepals overlapping, green, margins white or pink, petaloid, not keeled, broadly rounded, cucullate;

midveins unbranched;

stamens 8.

Achenes

enclosed in or slightly exserted from perianth, black, ovate, 4–5 mm, faces subequal, shiny, smooth.

exserted from perianth, brown, ovate, 3-gonous, 2.8–3.4(–4) mm, faces subequal or evidently unequal, apex not beaked, edges straight, shiny, minutely roughened; late-season achenes uncommon, 4.5–5 mm.

2n

= 60.

Polygonum paronychia

Polygonum marinense

Phenology Flowering Mar–Sep. Flowering Apr–Oct.
Habitat Coastal sands, scrub along coast Coastal salt and brackish marshes, swamps
Elevation 0-50 m (0-200 ft) 0-10 m (0-0 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CA; OR; WA; BC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Polygonum paronychia may be cultivated in rock gardens in open sites with sandy soil.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Of conservation concern.

The origin and taxonomic affinities of Polygonum marinense are uncertain. T. R. Mertens and P. H. Raven (1965) suggested a relationship with P. oxyspermum C. A. Meyer & Bunge or the Mediterranean P. robertii Loiseleur-Deslongchamps. Polygonum marinense may be confused with P. ramosissimum. It can be distinguished by its subsucculent texture, funnelform ocreae, leaves rounded at the apices, and semi-open flowers. Marin knotweed is known from fewer than 15 locations in Marin, Napa, Solano, and Sonoma counties; it is threatened by coastal development.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 5, p. 562. FNA vol. 5, p. 552.
Parent taxa Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Polygonum > sect. Duravia Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Polygonum > sect. Polygonum
Sibling taxa
P. achoreum, P. argyrocoleon, P. austiniae, P. aviculare, P. bidwelliae, P. bolanderi, P. californicum, P. cascadense, P. douglasii, P. engelmannii, P. erectum, P. fowleri, P. glaucum, P. heterosepalum, P. hickmanii, P. humifusum, P. majus, P. marinense, P. minimum, P. nuttallii, P. oxyspermum, P. parryi, P. patulum, P. plebeium, P. polygaloides, P. ramosissimum, P. sawatchense, P. shastense, P. spergulariiforme, P. striatulum, P. tenue, P. utahense
P. achoreum, P. argyrocoleon, P. austiniae, P. aviculare, P. bidwelliae, P. bolanderi, P. californicum, P. cascadense, P. douglasii, P. engelmannii, P. erectum, P. fowleri, P. glaucum, P. heterosepalum, P. hickmanii, P. humifusum, P. majus, P. minimum, P. nuttallii, P. oxyspermum, P. paronychia, P. parryi, P. patulum, P. plebeium, P. polygaloides, P. ramosissimum, P. sawatchense, P. shastense, P. spergulariiforme, P. striatulum, P. tenue, P. utahense
Name authority Chamisso & Schlechtendal: Linnaea 3: 51. (1828) T. R. Mertens & P. H. Raven: Madroño 18: 87. (1965)
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