Polygonum paronychia |
Polygonum marinense |
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beach knotweed, beach or black or dune knotweed, black knotweed, dune knotweed |
Marin knotweed |
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Habit | Shrubs or subshrubs. | Plants often reddish tinged, heterophyllous, subsucculent. |
Stems | prostrate or ascending, brown, branched, rooting at nodes, not wiry, 10–100 cm, glabrous, covered with remains of lacerate, hyaline ocreae. |
prostrate to ascending, branching from base, not wiry, 15–40 cm. |
Leaves | crowded at branch tips, articulated to ocreae, basal leaves caducous or persistent, distal leaves not reduced in size; ocrea 15–20 mm, glabrous, proximal part cylindric to funnelform, distal part silvery, entire or slightly lacerate, disintegrating into persistent white-gray curly fibers; petiole 0–0.5 mm; blade 1-veined, without pleats, linear to oblanceolate, (5–)10–20(–33) × 3–8 mm, coriaceous, margins revolute, smooth, apex acute or mucronate. |
ocrea 4–6 mm, proximal part funnelform, distal part silvery hyaline, soon disintegrating, leaving almost no fibrous remains; petiole 2–5 mm; blade often reddish tinged, elliptic to obovate or oblanceolate; 20–35 × 9–16 mm, margins flat, apex rounded; stem leaves (1.3–)2–2.6(–3.5) times as long as branch leaves; distal leaves overtopping flowers in distal part of inflorescence. |
Inflorescences | axillary; cymes crowded in distal axils, 2–5-flowered. |
axillary; cymes in most leaf axils, 1–4-flowered. |
Pedicels | enclosed in ocreae, erect to spreading, 2–5 mm. |
mostly exserted from ocreae, 2–4 mm. |
Flowers | semi-open or open; perianth (4.5–)6–10 mm; tube 22–48% of perianth length; tepals partially overlapping, uniformly pink or white, reddish brown when dried, petaloid, oblong-ovate to ± lanceolate, apex rounded; midveins pinnately branched; stamens 8. |
semi-open; perianth 3–3.5(–4) mm; tube 18–25% of perianth length; tepals overlapping, green, margins white or pink, petaloid, not keeled, broadly rounded, cucullate; midveins unbranched; stamens 8. |
Achenes | enclosed in or slightly exserted from perianth, black, ovate, 4–5 mm, faces subequal, shiny, smooth. |
exserted from perianth, brown, ovate, 3-gonous, 2.8–3.4(–4) mm, faces subequal or evidently unequal, apex not beaked, edges straight, shiny, minutely roughened; late-season achenes uncommon, 4.5–5 mm. |
2n | = 60. |
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Polygonum paronychia |
Polygonum marinense |
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Phenology | Flowering Mar–Sep. | Flowering Apr–Oct. |
Habitat | Coastal sands, scrub along coast | Coastal salt and brackish marshes, swamps |
Elevation | 0-50 m (0-200 ft) | 0-10 m (0-0 ft) |
Distribution |
CA; OR; WA; BC
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CA
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Discussion | Polygonum paronychia may be cultivated in rock gardens in open sites with sandy soil. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Of conservation concern. The origin and taxonomic affinities of Polygonum marinense are uncertain. T. R. Mertens and P. H. Raven (1965) suggested a relationship with P. oxyspermum C. A. Meyer & Bunge or the Mediterranean P. robertii Loiseleur-Deslongchamps. Polygonum marinense may be confused with P. ramosissimum. It can be distinguished by its subsucculent texture, funnelform ocreae, leaves rounded at the apices, and semi-open flowers. Marin knotweed is known from fewer than 15 locations in Marin, Napa, Solano, and Sonoma counties; it is threatened by coastal development. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 5, p. 562. | FNA vol. 5, p. 552. |
Parent taxa | Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Polygonum > sect. Duravia | Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Polygonum > sect. Polygonum |
Sibling taxa | ||
Name authority | Chamisso & Schlechtendal: Linnaea 3: 51. (1828) | T. R. Mertens & P. H. Raven: Madroño 18: 87. (1965) |
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