Polygonum paronychia |
Polygonum erectum |
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beach knotweed, beach or black or dune knotweed, black knotweed, dune knotweed |
devil's shoestring, erect knotweed, renouée dressée, upright knotweed, wireweed |
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Habit | Shrubs or subshrubs. | Plants light green or yellowish, heterophyllous. |
Stems | prostrate or ascending, brown, branched, rooting at nodes, not wiry, 10–100 cm, glabrous, covered with remains of lacerate, hyaline ocreae. |
erect to ascending, sparingly branched in distal 1/2, not wiry, 15–75 cm. |
Leaves | crowded at branch tips, articulated to ocreae, basal leaves caducous or persistent, distal leaves not reduced in size; ocrea 15–20 mm, glabrous, proximal part cylindric to funnelform, distal part silvery, entire or slightly lacerate, disintegrating into persistent white-gray curly fibers; petiole 0–0.5 mm; blade 1-veined, without pleats, linear to oblanceolate, (5–)10–20(–33) × 3–8 mm, coriaceous, margins revolute, smooth, apex acute or mucronate. |
ocrea 7–12 mm, proximal part cylindric, distal part usually persistent, with strong veins, margins entire or lacerate, silvery, later disintegrating into ± persistent brown fibers; petiole 1–5 mm; blade light green or yellowish, elliptic to obovate, 30–60(–80) × (8–)10–25 mm, margins flat, apex obtuse; stem leaves 1.5–3.5(–4) times longer than branch leaves; distal leaves overtopping flowers in distal part of inflorescence. |
Inflorescences | axillary; cymes crowded in distal axils, 2–5-flowered. |
axillary; cymes in axils of most leaves and toward tips of stems and branchs, 1–5-flowered. |
Pedicels | enclosed in ocreae, erect to spreading, 2–5 mm. |
mostly exserted from ocreae, 3–7 mm. |
Flowers | semi-open or open; perianth (4.5–)6–10 mm; tube 22–48% of perianth length; tepals partially overlapping, uniformly pink or white, reddish brown when dried, petaloid, oblong-ovate to ± lanceolate, apex rounded; midveins pinnately branched; stamens 8. |
closed; perianth 2.8–3.8(–4.2) mm; tube 20–37% of perianth length; tepals overlapping, green with yellowish, rarely whitish green, margins, sepaloid, not keeled, oblong to obovate, cucullate; midveins branched, moderately to heavily thickened; stamens 7–8. |
Achenes | enclosed in or slightly exserted from perianth, black, ovate, 4–5 mm, faces subequal, shiny, smooth. |
enclosed in perianth, brown to tan, ovate, 3-gonous, 2.3–3.5 mm, faces subequal, ± concave, apex not beaked, edges concave, dull, striate-tubercled; late-season achenes uncommon, 4–5 mm. |
Polygonum paronychia |
Polygonum erectum |
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Phenology | Flowering Mar–Sep. | Flowering May–Oct. |
Habitat | Coastal sands, scrub along coast | Dry, waste ground |
Elevation | 0-50 m (0-200 ft) | 10-300 m (0-1000 ft) |
Distribution |
CA; OR; WA; BC
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AL; AR; CO; CT; DC; DE; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; TN; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; ON; QC; SK
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Discussion | Polygonum paronychia may be cultivated in rock gardens in open sites with sandy soil. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Polygonum erectum was cultivated in the midwest by Native Americans for its starchy seeds (C. M. Scarry 1993). It was formerly confused with P. achoreum (T. R. Mertens and P. H. Raven 1965). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 5, p. 562. | FNA vol. 5, p. 550. |
Parent taxa | Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Polygonum > sect. Duravia | Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Polygonum > sect. Polygonum |
Sibling taxa | ||
Name authority | Chamisso & Schlechtendal: Linnaea 3: 51. (1828) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 363. (1753) |
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