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enable glossary links

beach knotweed, beach or black or dune knotweed, black knotweed, dune knotweed

devil's shoestring, erect knotweed, renouée dressée, upright knotweed, wireweed

Habit Shrubs or subshrubs. Plants light green or yellowish, heterophyllous.
Stems

prostrate or ascending, brown, branched, rooting at nodes, not wiry, 10–100 cm, glabrous, covered with remains of lacerate, hyaline ocreae.

erect to ascending, sparingly branched in distal 1/2, not wiry, 15–75 cm.

Leaves

crowded at branch tips, articulated to ocreae, basal leaves caducous or persistent, distal leaves not reduced in size;

ocrea 15–20 mm, glabrous, proximal part cylindric to funnelform, distal part silvery, entire or slightly lacerate, disintegrating into persistent white-gray curly fibers;

petiole 0–0.5 mm;

blade 1-veined, without pleats, linear to oblanceolate, (5–)10–20(–33) × 3–8 mm, coriaceous, margins revolute, smooth, apex acute or mucronate.

ocrea 7–12 mm, proximal part cylindric, distal part usually persistent, with strong veins, margins entire or lacerate, silvery, later disintegrating into ± persistent brown fibers;

petiole 1–5 mm;

blade light green or yellowish, elliptic to obovate, 30–60(–80) × (8–)10–25 mm, margins flat, apex obtuse;

stem leaves 1.5–3.5(–4) times longer than branch leaves;

distal leaves overtopping flowers in distal part of inflorescence.

Inflorescences

axillary;

cymes crowded in distal axils, 2–5-flowered.

axillary;

cymes in axils of most leaves and toward tips of stems and branchs, 1–5-flowered.

Pedicels

enclosed in ocreae, erect to spreading, 2–5 mm.

mostly exserted from ocreae, 3–7 mm.

Flowers

semi-open or open;

perianth (4.5–)6–10 mm;

tube 22–48% of perianth length;

tepals partially overlapping, uniformly pink or white, reddish brown when dried, petaloid, oblong-ovate to ± lanceolate, apex rounded;

midveins pinnately branched;

stamens 8.

closed;

perianth 2.8–3.8(–4.2) mm;

tube 20–37% of perianth length;

tepals overlapping, green with yellowish, rarely whitish green, margins, sepaloid, not keeled, oblong to obovate, cucullate;

midveins branched, moderately to heavily thickened;

stamens 7–8.

Achenes

enclosed in or slightly exserted from perianth, black, ovate, 4–5 mm, faces subequal, shiny, smooth.

enclosed in perianth, brown to tan, ovate, 3-gonous, 2.3–3.5 mm, faces subequal, ± concave, apex not beaked, edges concave, dull, striate-tubercled; late-season achenes uncommon, 4–5 mm.

Polygonum paronychia

Polygonum erectum

Phenology Flowering Mar–Sep. Flowering May–Oct.
Habitat Coastal sands, scrub along coast Dry, waste ground
Elevation 0-50 m (0-200 ft) 10-300 m (0-1000 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CA; OR; WA; BC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; AR; CO; CT; DC; DE; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; TN; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; ON; QC; SK
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Polygonum paronychia may be cultivated in rock gardens in open sites with sandy soil.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Polygonum erectum was cultivated in the midwest by Native Americans for its starchy seeds (C. M. Scarry 1993). It was formerly confused with P. achoreum (T. R. Mertens and P. H. Raven 1965).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 5, p. 562. FNA vol. 5, p. 550.
Parent taxa Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Polygonum > sect. Duravia Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Polygonum > sect. Polygonum
Sibling taxa
P. achoreum, P. argyrocoleon, P. austiniae, P. aviculare, P. bidwelliae, P. bolanderi, P. californicum, P. cascadense, P. douglasii, P. engelmannii, P. erectum, P. fowleri, P. glaucum, P. heterosepalum, P. hickmanii, P. humifusum, P. majus, P. marinense, P. minimum, P. nuttallii, P. oxyspermum, P. parryi, P. patulum, P. plebeium, P. polygaloides, P. ramosissimum, P. sawatchense, P. shastense, P. spergulariiforme, P. striatulum, P. tenue, P. utahense
P. achoreum, P. argyrocoleon, P. austiniae, P. aviculare, P. bidwelliae, P. bolanderi, P. californicum, P. cascadense, P. douglasii, P. engelmannii, P. fowleri, P. glaucum, P. heterosepalum, P. hickmanii, P. humifusum, P. majus, P. marinense, P. minimum, P. nuttallii, P. oxyspermum, P. paronychia, P. parryi, P. patulum, P. plebeium, P. polygaloides, P. ramosissimum, P. sawatchense, P. shastense, P. spergulariiforme, P. striatulum, P. tenue, P. utahense
Name authority Chamisso & Schlechtendal: Linnaea 3: 51. (1828) Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 363. (1753)
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