Polygonum paronychia |
Polygonum californicum |
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beach knotweed, beach or black or dune knotweed, black knotweed, dune knotweed |
California knotweed |
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Habit | Shrubs or subshrubs. | Herbs. |
Stems | prostrate or ascending, brown, branched, rooting at nodes, not wiry, 10–100 cm, glabrous, covered with remains of lacerate, hyaline ocreae. |
erect, green, simple or divaricately branched, ± wiry, 4–40 cm, papillose-scabridulous. |
Leaves | crowded at branch tips, articulated to ocreae, basal leaves caducous or persistent, distal leaves not reduced in size; ocrea 15–20 mm, glabrous, proximal part cylindric to funnelform, distal part silvery, entire or slightly lacerate, disintegrating into persistent white-gray curly fibers; petiole 0–0.5 mm; blade 1-veined, without pleats, linear to oblanceolate, (5–)10–20(–33) × 3–8 mm, coriaceous, margins revolute, smooth, apex acute or mucronate. |
uniformly distributed, not articulated to ocreae, basal leaves usually caducous, distal leaves abruptly reduced to bracts; ocrea 5–10 mm, glabrous or papillose-scabridulous, proximal part cylindric, distal part white or tawny, disintegrating into ± bristly-fringed fibers; petiole absent; blade 3-veined, without pleats, linear, 5–25(–30) × 0.5–2 mm, margins revolute, papillose-denticulate or smooth, apex mucronate or weakly spine-tipped. |
Inflorescences | axillary; cymes crowded in distal axils, 2–5-flowered. |
axillary; cymes in distal axils, 1-flowered. |
Pedicels | enclosed in ocreae, erect to spreading, 2–5 mm. |
absent. |
Flowers | semi-open or open; perianth (4.5–)6–10 mm; tube 22–48% of perianth length; tepals partially overlapping, uniformly pink or white, reddish brown when dried, petaloid, oblong-ovate to ± lanceolate, apex rounded; midveins pinnately branched; stamens 8. |
open or closed; perianth 2.5–3.5 mm; tube 10–20% of perianth length; tepals overlapping, uniformly white to pink, petaloid, elliptic, navicular, apex acute to acuminate; midveins unbranched; stamens 8. |
Achenes | enclosed in or slightly exserted from perianth, black, ovate, 4–5 mm, faces subequal, shiny, smooth. |
enclosed in or slightly exserted from perianth, brown, narrowly elliptic, 1.8–2.2 mm, faces subequal, shiny, smooth. |
Polygonum paronychia |
Polygonum californicum |
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Phenology | Flowering Mar–Sep. | Flowering May–Sep. |
Habitat | Coastal sands, scrub along coast | Open places, including serpentine |
Elevation | 0-50 m (0-200 ft) | 40-1200 m (100-3900 ft) |
Distribution |
CA; OR; WA; BC
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CA; OR
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Discussion | Polygonum paronychia may be cultivated in rock gardens in open sites with sandy soil. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 5, p. 562. | FNA vol. 5, p. 564. |
Parent taxa | Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Polygonum > sect. Duravia | Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Polygonum > sect. Duravia |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Duravia californica, P. greenei | |
Name authority | Chamisso & Schlechtendal: Linnaea 3: 51. (1828) | Meisner: in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr. 14: 100. (1856) |
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