Polygonum paronychia |
Polygonum argyrocoleon |
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beach knotweed, beach or black or dune knotweed, black knotweed, dune knotweed |
Persian knotweed, silver sheath knotweed |
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Habit | Shrubs or subshrubs. | Plants green, heterophyllous. |
Stems | prostrate or ascending, brown, branched, rooting at nodes, not wiry, 10–100 cm, glabrous, covered with remains of lacerate, hyaline ocreae. |
erect or decumbent, branched mostly from base, not wiry, 15–100 cm. |
Leaves | crowded at branch tips, articulated to ocreae, basal leaves caducous or persistent, distal leaves not reduced in size; ocrea 15–20 mm, glabrous, proximal part cylindric to funnelform, distal part silvery, entire or slightly lacerate, disintegrating into persistent white-gray curly fibers; petiole 0–0.5 mm; blade 1-veined, without pleats, linear to oblanceolate, (5–)10–20(–33) × 3–8 mm, coriaceous, margins revolute, smooth, apex acute or mucronate. |
ocrea 4–8 mm, proximal part cylindric, distal part soon disintegrating into curly or straight fibers; petiole 0–1.5 mm; blade bluish green, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 15–50 × 2–8 mm, margins flat, apex acute; stem leaves 2.1–4 times as long as branch leaves; distal leaves abruptly reduced and not overtopping flowers (shorter than or equaling flowers). |
Inflorescence(s) | axillary; cymes crowded in distal axils, 2–5-flowered. |
axillary and terminal, spikelike; cymes aggregated at tips of stems and branches, 4–6-flowered, bracts inconspicuous. |
Pedicels | enclosed in ocreae, erect to spreading, 2–5 mm. |
enclosed in ocreae, 1–2 mm. |
Flowers | semi-open or open; perianth (4.5–)6–10 mm; tube 22–48% of perianth length; tepals partially overlapping, uniformly pink or white, reddish brown when dried, petaloid, oblong-ovate to ± lanceolate, apex rounded; midveins pinnately branched; stamens 8. |
closed; perianth 1.8–2.4 mm; tube 10–22% of perianth length; tepals overlapping, green or white, usually with pink, rarely red or white, margins, petaloid, not keeled, oblong to obovate, cucullate; midveins usually unbranched; stamens 7–8. |
Achenes | enclosed in or slightly exserted from perianth, black, ovate, 4–5 mm, faces subequal, shiny, smooth. |
enclosed in perianth, brown, ovate, 3-gonous, 1.3–2.3 mm, faces subequal, slightly concave, apex not beaked, with concave edges, shiny, smooth; late-season achenes unknown. |
Polygonum paronychia |
Polygonum argyrocoleon |
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Phenology | Flowering Mar–Sep. | Flowering May–Oct. |
Habitat | Coastal sands, scrub along coast | Fields, gardens, disturbed sites, often in saline soils |
Elevation | 0-50 m (0-200 ft) | 0-1200 m (0-3900 ft) |
Distribution |
CA; OR; WA; BC
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AZ; CA; CO; FL; ID; LA; MA; MO; NC; NM; NV; TX; UT; VT; WV; c Asia [Introduced in North America]
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Discussion | Polygonum paronychia may be cultivated in rock gardens in open sites with sandy soil. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 5, p. 562. | FNA vol. 5, p. 560. |
Parent taxa | Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Polygonum > sect. Duravia | Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Polygonum > sect. Polygonum |
Sibling taxa | ||
Name authority | Chamisso & Schlechtendal: Linnaea 3: 51. (1828) | Steudel ex Kunze: Linnaea 20: 17. (1847) |
Web links |
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