Polygonum nuttallii |
Polygonum plebeium |
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Nuttall's knotweed |
common knotweed |
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Habit | Herbs. | Plants bluish green, homophyllous. |
Stems | spreading to erect, sometimes zigzagged, purplish, simple or branched, wiry, (5–)10–35 cm, papillose-scabridulous. |
prostrate, much-branched from base, not wiry, 10–40 cm, papillose-scabridulous. |
Leaves | evenly distributed or crowded at branch tips, articulated to ocreae, basal leaves persistent, distal leaves gradually reduced to bracts; ocrea 3–4 mm, papillose-scabridulous, proximal part funnelform, distal part finely lacerate; petiole 0.1–2 mm; blade 1-veined, not pleated, linear to narrowly oblong-elliptic, 8–30 × 1–4(–7) mm, margins narrowly revolute, never touching along midrib, smooth, apex acute, mucronate, ± glaucous adaxially. |
ocrea 1-veined, 2.5–3 mm, proximal part cylindric, distal part laciniate; petiole 0–1 mm; blade bluish green, narrowly elliptic or oblanceolate, 5–16 × 1–4 mm, margins flat, apex obtuse or acute, papillose-scabridulous; stem leaves 1–1.5(–2) times longer than adjacent branch leaves, distal leaves overtopping flowers. |
Inflorescences | axillary and terminal, spikelike, dense; cymes mostly congested toward tips of branches, 2–3-flowered. |
axillary; cymes uniformly distributed, 3–6-flowered. |
Pedicels | enclosed in ocreae, erect to spreading, 2–3 mm. |
exserted from ocreae, 3–5 mm. |
Flowers | semi-open or closed; perianth 1.8–2.4 mm; tube 25–33% of perianth length; tepals overlapping, greenish, white, or pink with pink margins, petaloid, oblong, cucullate, navicular in distal 1/4, apex rounded; midveins unbranched; stamens 8. |
closed; perianth 1–1.5 mm; tube 12–27% of perianth length; tepals overlapping, green with white or pink margins, petaloid, not keeled, elliptic, cucullate; midveins unbranched, thickened; stamens 5. |
Achenes | enclosed in perianth, black, elliptic to ovate, 1.8–2.3 mm, faces subequal, shiny, smooth. |
enclosed in perianth, black-brown, broadly ovate, 2–3-gonous, 1.5–2 mm, faces subequal, apex not beaked, edges concave, shiny, smooth; late-season achenes common, 2–4 mm. |
2n | = 20. |
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Polygonum nuttallii |
Polygonum plebeium |
|
Phenology | Flowering May–Oct. | Flowering May–Oct. |
Habitat | Dry prairies, open knolls in lower mountains, open sites in lowland and montane zones, sandy soil | Disturbed sites |
Elevation | 800-1100 m (2600-3600 ft) | 50-500 m (200-1600 ft) |
Distribution |
OR; WA; BC
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ID; e Africa; s Asia; Australia [Introduced in North America] |
Discussion | C. L. Hitchcock (1964) suggested that Polygonum nuttallii is but a small-flowered form of P. spergulariiforme. Although morphologically similar, P. nuttallii differs from P. spergulariiforme in some respects, including its wiry, purplish stems, short and funnelform ocreae, adaxially glaucous leaves, longer bracts, shorter fruiting perianth, and achenes. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 5, p. 570. | FNA vol. 5, p. 556. |
Parent taxa | Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Polygonum > sect. Duravia | Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Polygonum > sect. Polygonum |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | P. intermedium, P. douglasii subsp. nuttallii | |
Name authority | Small: Mongr. Amer. Sp. Polygonum, 132, plate 53. (1895) | R. Brown: Prodr., 420. (1810) |
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