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Nuttall's knotweed

common knotweed

Habit Herbs. Plants bluish green, homophyllous.
Stems

spreading to erect, sometimes zigzagged, purplish, simple or branched, wiry, (5–)10–35 cm, papillose-scabridulous.

prostrate, much-branched from base, not wiry, 10–40 cm, papillose-scabridulous.

Leaves

evenly distributed or crowded at branch tips, articulated to ocreae, basal leaves persistent, distal leaves gradually reduced to bracts;

ocrea 3–4 mm, papillose-scabridulous, proximal part funnelform, distal part finely lacerate;

petiole 0.1–2 mm;

blade 1-veined, not pleated, linear to narrowly oblong-elliptic, 8–30 × 1–4(–7) mm, margins narrowly revolute, never touching along midrib, smooth, apex acute, mucronate, ± glaucous adaxially.

ocrea 1-veined, 2.5–3 mm, proximal part cylindric, distal part laciniate;

petiole 0–1 mm;

blade bluish green, narrowly elliptic or oblanceolate, 5–16 × 1–4 mm, margins flat, apex obtuse or acute, papillose-scabridulous;

stem leaves 1–1.5(–2) times longer than adjacent branch leaves, distal leaves overtopping flowers.

Inflorescences

axillary and terminal, spikelike, dense;

cymes mostly congested toward tips of branches, 2–3-flowered.

axillary;

cymes uniformly distributed, 3–6-flowered.

Pedicels

enclosed in ocreae, erect to spreading, 2–3 mm.

exserted from ocreae, 3–5 mm.

Flowers

semi-open or closed;

perianth 1.8–2.4 mm;

tube 25–33% of perianth length;

tepals overlapping, greenish, white, or pink with pink margins, petaloid, oblong, cucullate, navicular in distal 1/4, apex rounded;

midveins unbranched;

stamens 8.

closed;

perianth 1–1.5 mm;

tube 12–27% of perianth length;

tepals overlapping, green with white or pink margins, petaloid, not keeled, elliptic, cucullate;

midveins unbranched, thickened;

stamens 5.

Achenes

enclosed in perianth, black, elliptic to ovate, 1.8–2.3 mm, faces subequal, shiny, smooth.

enclosed in perianth, black-brown, broadly ovate, 2–3-gonous, 1.5–2 mm, faces subequal, apex not beaked, edges concave, shiny, smooth; late-season achenes common, 2–4 mm.

2n

= 20.

Polygonum nuttallii

Polygonum plebeium

Phenology Flowering May–Oct. Flowering May–Oct.
Habitat Dry prairies, open knolls in lower mountains, open sites in lowland and montane zones, sandy soil Disturbed sites
Elevation 800-1100 m (2600-3600 ft) 50-500 m (200-1600 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
OR; WA; BC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
ID; e Africa; s Asia; Australia [Introduced in North America]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

C. L. Hitchcock (1964) suggested that Polygonum nuttallii is but a small-flowered form of P. spergulariiforme. Although morphologically similar, P. nuttallii differs from P. spergulariiforme in some respects, including its wiry, purplish stems, short and funnelform ocreae, adaxially glaucous leaves, longer bracts, shorter fruiting perianth, and achenes.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 5, p. 570. FNA vol. 5, p. 556.
Parent taxa Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Polygonum > sect. Duravia Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Polygonum > sect. Polygonum
Sibling taxa
P. achoreum, P. argyrocoleon, P. austiniae, P. aviculare, P. bidwelliae, P. bolanderi, P. californicum, P. cascadense, P. douglasii, P. engelmannii, P. erectum, P. fowleri, P. glaucum, P. heterosepalum, P. hickmanii, P. humifusum, P. majus, P. marinense, P. minimum, P. oxyspermum, P. paronychia, P. parryi, P. patulum, P. plebeium, P. polygaloides, P. ramosissimum, P. sawatchense, P. shastense, P. spergulariiforme, P. striatulum, P. tenue, P. utahense
P. achoreum, P. argyrocoleon, P. austiniae, P. aviculare, P. bidwelliae, P. bolanderi, P. californicum, P. cascadense, P. douglasii, P. engelmannii, P. erectum, P. fowleri, P. glaucum, P. heterosepalum, P. hickmanii, P. humifusum, P. majus, P. marinense, P. minimum, P. nuttallii, P. oxyspermum, P. paronychia, P. parryi, P. patulum, P. polygaloides, P. ramosissimum, P. sawatchense, P. shastense, P. spergulariiforme, P. striatulum, P. tenue, P. utahense
Synonyms P. intermedium, P. douglasii subsp. nuttallii
Name authority Small: Mongr. Amer. Sp. Polygonum, 132, plate 53. (1895) R. Brown: Prodr., 420. (1810)
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