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Nuttall's knotweed

seabeach knotweed, seaside knotweed

Habit Herbs. Plants silvery, homophyllous.
Stems

spreading to erect, sometimes zigzagged, purplish, simple or branched, wiry, (5–)10–35 cm, papillose-scabridulous.

prostrate to ascending, branched from base, not wiry, 20–70 cm.

Leaves

evenly distributed or crowded at branch tips, articulated to ocreae, basal leaves persistent, distal leaves gradually reduced to bracts;

ocrea 3–4 mm, papillose-scabridulous, proximal part funnelform, distal part finely lacerate;

petiole 0.1–2 mm;

blade 1-veined, not pleated, linear to narrowly oblong-elliptic, 8–30 × 1–4(–7) mm, margins narrowly revolute, never touching along midrib, smooth, apex acute, mucronate, ± glaucous adaxially.

ocrea persistent, 7–15 mm, proximal part cylindric, pruinose, distal parts silvery, margins overlapping, entire or lacerate;

petiole 0.5–3 mm;

blade bluish green, lanceolate, 10–30 × 2–8 mm, coriaceous, margins revolute, apex obtuse or acute, rugulose when fresh, markedly rugulose when dried, glaucous;

middle stem leaves slightly larger than adjacent branch leaves, distal leaves overtopping flowers they subtend.

Inflorescences

axillary and terminal, spikelike, dense;

cymes mostly congested toward tips of branches, 2–3-flowered.

axillary;

cymes uniformly distributed, 1–3-flowered.

Pedicels

enclosed in ocreae, erect to spreading, 2–3 mm.

enclosed in ocreae, 3–5 mm.

Flowers

semi-open or closed;

perianth 1.8–2.4 mm;

tube 25–33% of perianth length;

tepals overlapping, greenish, white, or pink with pink margins, petaloid, oblong, cucullate, navicular in distal 1/4, apex rounded;

midveins unbranched;

stamens 8.

semi-open;

perianth (2–)3–4 mm;

tube 12–26% of perianth length;

tepals ± recurved, overlapping, white, margins white or pink, petaloid, not keeled, oblong-obovate to spatulate, not cucullate;

midvein usually unbranched;

stamens 8.

Achenes

enclosed in perianth, black, elliptic to ovate, 1.8–2.3 mm, faces subequal, shiny, smooth.

exserted from perianth, reddish brown to dark brown, ovate, 3-gonous, 2.5–3(–4) mm, faces subequal, apex not beaked, edges straight, shiny, smooth; late-season achenes common, 3–5 mm.

2n

= 40.

Polygonum nuttallii

Polygonum glaucum

Phenology Flowering May–Oct. Flowering Jul–Nov.
Habitat Dry prairies, open knolls in lower mountains, open sites in lowland and montane zones, sandy soil Coastal beaches, sand dunes, margins of salt ponds
Elevation 800-1100 m (2600-3600 ft) 0-10 m (0-0 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
OR; WA; BC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; MA; MD; NC; NJ; NY; RI; SC; VA
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

C. L. Hitchcock (1964) suggested that Polygonum nuttallii is but a small-flowered form of P. spergulariiforme. Although morphologically similar, P. nuttallii differs from P. spergulariiforme in some respects, including its wiry, purplish stems, short and funnelform ocreae, adaxially glaucous leaves, longer bracts, shorter fruiting perianth, and achenes.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Polygonum glaucum is restricted to maritime beaches along the Atlantic coast from Massachusetts south to Georgia. Over most of its range it is rare and declining; populations on coastal islands of Massachusetts and along the shore of Long Island appear to be secure. Seabeach knotweed appears to be related to P. oxyspermum.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 5, p. 570. FNA vol. 5, p. 553.
Parent taxa Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Polygonum > sect. Duravia Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Polygonum > sect. Polygonum
Sibling taxa
P. achoreum, P. argyrocoleon, P. austiniae, P. aviculare, P. bidwelliae, P. bolanderi, P. californicum, P. cascadense, P. douglasii, P. engelmannii, P. erectum, P. fowleri, P. glaucum, P. heterosepalum, P. hickmanii, P. humifusum, P. majus, P. marinense, P. minimum, P. oxyspermum, P. paronychia, P. parryi, P. patulum, P. plebeium, P. polygaloides, P. ramosissimum, P. sawatchense, P. shastense, P. spergulariiforme, P. striatulum, P. tenue, P. utahense
P. achoreum, P. argyrocoleon, P. austiniae, P. aviculare, P. bidwelliae, P. bolanderi, P. californicum, P. cascadense, P. douglasii, P. engelmannii, P. erectum, P. fowleri, P. heterosepalum, P. hickmanii, P. humifusum, P. majus, P. marinense, P. minimum, P. nuttallii, P. oxyspermum, P. paronychia, P. parryi, P. patulum, P. plebeium, P. polygaloides, P. ramosissimum, P. sawatchense, P. shastense, P. spergulariiforme, P. striatulum, P. tenue, P. utahense
Synonyms P. intermedium, P. douglasii subsp. nuttallii
Name authority Small: Mongr. Amer. Sp. Polygonum, 132, plate 53. (1895) Nuttall: Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 1: 254. (1818)
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