Polygonum douglasii |
Polygonum marinense |
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Douglas' knotweed, renouée de Douglas |
Marin knotweed |
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Habit | Herbs. | Plants often reddish tinged, heterophyllous, subsucculent. |
Stems | erect, green, simple or branched, not wiry, 5–80 cm, glabrous or sparsely papillose-scabridulous. |
prostrate to ascending, branching from base, not wiry, 15–40 cm. |
Leaves | uniformly distributed, articulated to ocreae, basal leaves caducous, distal leaves abruptly reduced to bracts; ocrea 6–12 mm, glabrous or minutely papillose-scabridulous, proximal part cylindric, distal part hyaline, lacerate; petiole 0.1–2 mm; blade 1-veined, not pleated, linear, narrow-oblong, or oblanceolate, 15–55 × 2–8(–12) mm, margins revolute, smooth or papillose-denticulate; apex acute to mucronate. |
ocrea 4–6 mm, proximal part funnelform, distal part silvery hyaline, soon disintegrating, leaving almost no fibrous remains; petiole 2–5 mm; blade often reddish tinged, elliptic to obovate or oblanceolate; 20–35 × 9–16 mm, margins flat, apex rounded; stem leaves (1.3–)2–2.6(–3.5) times as long as branch leaves; distal leaves overtopping flowers in distal part of inflorescence. |
Inflorescences | axillary and terminal, spikelike, elongate; cymes widely spaced along branches, 2–4-flowered. |
axillary; cymes in most leaf axils, 1–4-flowered. |
Pedicels | mostly exserted from ocreae, reflexed, 2–6 mm. |
mostly exserted from ocreae, 2–4 mm. |
Flowers | closed; perianth 3–4.5 mm; tube 20–28% of perianth length; tepals overlapping, green to tannish with white or pink margins, petaloid, oblong, cucullate, navicular, apex rounded; midveins usually branched, rarely unbranched; stamens 8. |
semi-open; perianth 3–3.5(–4) mm; tube 18–25% of perianth length; tepals overlapping, green, margins white or pink, petaloid, not keeled, broadly rounded, cucullate; midveins unbranched; stamens 8. |
Achenes | enclosed in perianth, black, elliptic or oblong to ovate, 3–4(–4.5) mm, faces subequal, shiny or dull, smooth or minutely striate-tubercled. |
exserted from perianth, brown, ovate, 3-gonous, 2.8–3.4(–4) mm, faces subequal or evidently unequal, apex not beaked, edges straight, shiny, minutely roughened; late-season achenes uncommon, 4.5–5 mm. |
2n | = 60. |
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Polygonum douglasii |
Polygonum marinense |
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Phenology | Flowering Jun–Oct. | Flowering Apr–Oct. |
Habitat | Dry, often disturbed places, rock outcrops, sandy ground | Coastal salt and brackish marshes, swamps |
Elevation | 300-3000 m (1000-9800 ft) | 0-10 m (0-0 ft) |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; CO; IA; ID; MI; MN; MT; NE; NH; NM; NV; NY; OR; SD; UT; VA; VT; WA; WY; AB; BC; MB; ON; QC; SK; YT
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CA
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Discussion | Five taxa that have been included in Polygonum douglasii (E. Murray 1982; J. C. Hickman 1984; J. T. Kartesz and K. N. Gandhi 1990) are treated here as distinct species: P. austiniae, P. majus, P. nuttallii, P. sawatchense, and P. spergulariiforme. Hickman noted extensive intergradation and numerous intermediate specimens among those sympatric elements, but qualitative or quantitative characters allow reliable discrimination in most cases (M. Costea and F. J. Tardif 2005), and species are here circumscribed similar to C. L. Hitchcock (1964). Greene described var. latifolium as having leaf blades and achenes broader than those of var. douglasii. C. L. Hitchcock (1964) recognized the former, but the characters used to distinguish it appear to vary continuously, and reliable separation is not possible. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Of conservation concern. The origin and taxonomic affinities of Polygonum marinense are uncertain. T. R. Mertens and P. H. Raven (1965) suggested a relationship with P. oxyspermum C. A. Meyer & Bunge or the Mediterranean P. robertii Loiseleur-Deslongchamps. Polygonum marinense may be confused with P. ramosissimum. It can be distinguished by its subsucculent texture, funnelform ocreae, leaves rounded at the apices, and semi-open flowers. Marin knotweed is known from fewer than 15 locations in Marin, Napa, Solano, and Sonoma counties; it is threatened by coastal development. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 5, p. 567. | FNA vol. 5, p. 552. |
Parent taxa | Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Polygonum > sect. Duravia | Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Polygonum > sect. Polygonum |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | P. douglasii var. latifolium, P. emaciatum, P. montanum, P. tenue var. commune, P. tenue var. latifolium | |
Name authority | Greene: Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1: 125. (1885) | T. R. Mertens & P. H. Raven: Madroño 18: 87. (1965) |
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