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Cascade knotweed

Marin knotweed

Habit Herbs. Plants often reddish tinged, heterophyllous, subsucculent.
Stems

spreading to erect, zigzagged, green, simple or branched from base, wiry, 5–12(–15) cm, glabrous.

prostrate to ascending, branching from base, not wiry, 15–40 cm.

Leaves

uniformly distributed, articulated to ocreae, basal leaves persistent, distal leaves abruptly reduced to bracts;

ocrea 2–5 mm, glabrous, proximal part funnelform, distal part lacerate;

petiole essentially absent;

blade 1-veined, not pleated, oblanceolate to obovate, 5–20 × 2–5 mm, margins revolute, never touching along midrib, sparsely papillose-denticulate, apex rounded or apiculate.

ocrea 4–6 mm, proximal part funnelform, distal part silvery hyaline, soon disintegrating, leaving almost no fibrous remains;

petiole 2–5 mm;

blade often reddish tinged, elliptic to obovate or oblanceolate; 20–35 × 9–16 mm, margins flat, apex rounded;

stem leaves (1.3–)2–2.6(–3.5) times as long as branch leaves;

distal leaves overtopping flowers in distal part of inflorescence.

Inflorescences

axillary and terminal, spikelike, dense;

cymes congested at tips of stems and branches, 3–5-flowered.

axillary;

cymes in most leaf axils, 1–4-flowered.

Pedicels

enclosed in ocreae, erect to spreading, 2–3 mm.

mostly exserted from ocreae, 2–4 mm.

Flowers

open;

perianth 2–2.5 mm;

tube 12–25% of perianth length;

tepals overlapping, uniformly white, petaloid, oblong to obovate, cucullate, navicular in distal 1/4, apex rounded;

midveins unbranched;

stamens 8.

semi-open;

perianth 3–3.5(–4) mm;

tube 18–25% of perianth length;

tepals overlapping, green, margins white or pink, petaloid, not keeled, broadly rounded, cucullate;

midveins unbranched;

stamens 8.

Achenes

enclosed in or exserted from perianth, black, ovate to ovate-oblong, 1.8–2.1 mm, faces subequal, shiny, smooth.

exserted from perianth, brown, ovate, 3-gonous, 2.8–3.4(–4) mm, faces subequal or evidently unequal, apex not beaked, edges straight, shiny, minutely roughened; late-season achenes uncommon, 4.5–5 mm.

2n

= 60.

Polygonum cascadense

Polygonum marinense

Phenology Flowering Jun–Sep. Flowering Apr–Oct.
Habitat Dry, usually rocky slopes, often on serpentine Coastal salt and brackish marshes, swamps
Elevation 1600-1800 m (5200-5900 ft) 0-10 m (0-0 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
OR
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Of conservation concern.

The origin and taxonomic affinities of Polygonum marinense are uncertain. T. R. Mertens and P. H. Raven (1965) suggested a relationship with P. oxyspermum C. A. Meyer & Bunge or the Mediterranean P. robertii Loiseleur-Deslongchamps. Polygonum marinense may be confused with P. ramosissimum. It can be distinguished by its subsucculent texture, funnelform ocreae, leaves rounded at the apices, and semi-open flowers. Marin knotweed is known from fewer than 15 locations in Marin, Napa, Solano, and Sonoma counties; it is threatened by coastal development.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 5, p. 571. FNA vol. 5, p. 552.
Parent taxa Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Polygonum > sect. Duravia Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Polygonum > sect. Polygonum
Sibling taxa
P. achoreum, P. argyrocoleon, P. austiniae, P. aviculare, P. bidwelliae, P. bolanderi, P. californicum, P. douglasii, P. engelmannii, P. erectum, P. fowleri, P. glaucum, P. heterosepalum, P. hickmanii, P. humifusum, P. majus, P. marinense, P. minimum, P. nuttallii, P. oxyspermum, P. paronychia, P. parryi, P. patulum, P. plebeium, P. polygaloides, P. ramosissimum, P. sawatchense, P. shastense, P. spergulariiforme, P. striatulum, P. tenue, P. utahense
P. achoreum, P. argyrocoleon, P. austiniae, P. aviculare, P. bidwelliae, P. bolanderi, P. californicum, P. cascadense, P. douglasii, P. engelmannii, P. erectum, P. fowleri, P. glaucum, P. heterosepalum, P. hickmanii, P. humifusum, P. majus, P. minimum, P. nuttallii, P. oxyspermum, P. paronychia, P. parryi, P. patulum, P. plebeium, P. polygaloides, P. ramosissimum, P. sawatchense, P. shastense, P. spergulariiforme, P. striatulum, P. tenue, P. utahense
Name authority W. H. Baker: Madroño 10: 62, plate 1, fig. 1. (1949) T. R. Mertens & P. H. Raven: Madroño 18: 87. (1965)
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