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California knotweed

common knotweed

Habit Herbs. Plants bluish green, homophyllous.
Stems

erect, green, simple or divaricately branched, ± wiry, 4–40 cm, papillose-scabridulous.

prostrate, much-branched from base, not wiry, 10–40 cm, papillose-scabridulous.

Leaves

uniformly distributed, not articulated to ocreae, basal leaves usually caducous, distal leaves abruptly reduced to bracts;

ocrea 5–10 mm, glabrous or papillose-scabridulous, proximal part cylindric, distal part white or tawny, disintegrating into ± bristly-fringed fibers;

petiole absent;

blade 3-veined, without pleats, linear, 5–25(–30) × 0.5–2 mm, margins revolute, papillose-denticulate or smooth, apex mucronate or weakly spine-tipped.

ocrea 1-veined, 2.5–3 mm, proximal part cylindric, distal part laciniate;

petiole 0–1 mm;

blade bluish green, narrowly elliptic or oblanceolate, 5–16 × 1–4 mm, margins flat, apex obtuse or acute, papillose-scabridulous;

stem leaves 1–1.5(–2) times longer than adjacent branch leaves, distal leaves overtopping flowers.

Inflorescences

axillary;

cymes in distal axils, 1-flowered.

axillary;

cymes uniformly distributed, 3–6-flowered.

Pedicels

absent.

exserted from ocreae, 3–5 mm.

Flowers

open or closed;

perianth 2.5–3.5 mm;

tube 10–20% of perianth length;

tepals overlapping, uniformly white to pink, petaloid, elliptic, navicular, apex acute to acuminate;

midveins unbranched;

stamens 8.

closed;

perianth 1–1.5 mm;

tube 12–27% of perianth length;

tepals overlapping, green with white or pink margins, petaloid, not keeled, elliptic, cucullate;

midveins unbranched, thickened;

stamens 5.

Achenes

enclosed in or slightly exserted from perianth, brown, narrowly elliptic, 1.8–2.2 mm, faces subequal, shiny, smooth.

enclosed in perianth, black-brown, broadly ovate, 2–3-gonous, 1.5–2 mm, faces subequal, apex not beaked, edges concave, shiny, smooth; late-season achenes common, 2–4 mm.

2n

= 20.

Polygonum californicum

Polygonum plebeium

Phenology Flowering May–Sep. Flowering May–Oct.
Habitat Open places, including serpentine Disturbed sites
Elevation 40-1200 m (100-3900 ft) 50-500 m (200-1600 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CA; OR
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
ID; e Africa; s Asia; Australia [Introduced in North America]
[BONAP county map]
Source FNA vol. 5, p. 564. FNA vol. 5, p. 556.
Parent taxa Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Polygonum > sect. Duravia Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Polygonum > sect. Polygonum
Sibling taxa
P. achoreum, P. argyrocoleon, P. austiniae, P. aviculare, P. bidwelliae, P. bolanderi, P. cascadense, P. douglasii, P. engelmannii, P. erectum, P. fowleri, P. glaucum, P. heterosepalum, P. hickmanii, P. humifusum, P. majus, P. marinense, P. minimum, P. nuttallii, P. oxyspermum, P. paronychia, P. parryi, P. patulum, P. plebeium, P. polygaloides, P. ramosissimum, P. sawatchense, P. shastense, P. spergulariiforme, P. striatulum, P. tenue, P. utahense
P. achoreum, P. argyrocoleon, P. austiniae, P. aviculare, P. bidwelliae, P. bolanderi, P. californicum, P. cascadense, P. douglasii, P. engelmannii, P. erectum, P. fowleri, P. glaucum, P. heterosepalum, P. hickmanii, P. humifusum, P. majus, P. marinense, P. minimum, P. nuttallii, P. oxyspermum, P. paronychia, P. parryi, P. patulum, P. polygaloides, P. ramosissimum, P. sawatchense, P. shastense, P. spergulariiforme, P. striatulum, P. tenue, P. utahense
Synonyms Duravia californica, P. greenei
Name authority Meisner: in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr. 14: 100. (1856) R. Brown: Prodr., 420. (1810)
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