Polygonum californicum |
Polygonum plebeium |
|
---|---|---|
California knotweed |
common knotweed |
|
Habit | Herbs. | Plants bluish green, homophyllous. |
Stems | erect, green, simple or divaricately branched, ± wiry, 4–40 cm, papillose-scabridulous. |
prostrate, much-branched from base, not wiry, 10–40 cm, papillose-scabridulous. |
Leaves | uniformly distributed, not articulated to ocreae, basal leaves usually caducous, distal leaves abruptly reduced to bracts; ocrea 5–10 mm, glabrous or papillose-scabridulous, proximal part cylindric, distal part white or tawny, disintegrating into ± bristly-fringed fibers; petiole absent; blade 3-veined, without pleats, linear, 5–25(–30) × 0.5–2 mm, margins revolute, papillose-denticulate or smooth, apex mucronate or weakly spine-tipped. |
ocrea 1-veined, 2.5–3 mm, proximal part cylindric, distal part laciniate; petiole 0–1 mm; blade bluish green, narrowly elliptic or oblanceolate, 5–16 × 1–4 mm, margins flat, apex obtuse or acute, papillose-scabridulous; stem leaves 1–1.5(–2) times longer than adjacent branch leaves, distal leaves overtopping flowers. |
Inflorescences | axillary; cymes in distal axils, 1-flowered. |
axillary; cymes uniformly distributed, 3–6-flowered. |
Pedicels | absent. |
exserted from ocreae, 3–5 mm. |
Flowers | open or closed; perianth 2.5–3.5 mm; tube 10–20% of perianth length; tepals overlapping, uniformly white to pink, petaloid, elliptic, navicular, apex acute to acuminate; midveins unbranched; stamens 8. |
closed; perianth 1–1.5 mm; tube 12–27% of perianth length; tepals overlapping, green with white or pink margins, petaloid, not keeled, elliptic, cucullate; midveins unbranched, thickened; stamens 5. |
Achenes | enclosed in or slightly exserted from perianth, brown, narrowly elliptic, 1.8–2.2 mm, faces subequal, shiny, smooth. |
enclosed in perianth, black-brown, broadly ovate, 2–3-gonous, 1.5–2 mm, faces subequal, apex not beaked, edges concave, shiny, smooth; late-season achenes common, 2–4 mm. |
2n | = 20. |
|
Polygonum californicum |
Polygonum plebeium |
|
Phenology | Flowering May–Sep. | Flowering May–Oct. |
Habitat | Open places, including serpentine | Disturbed sites |
Elevation | 40-1200 m (100-3900 ft) | 50-500 m (200-1600 ft) |
Distribution |
CA; OR
|
ID; e Africa; s Asia; Australia [Introduced in North America] |
Source | FNA vol. 5, p. 564. | FNA vol. 5, p. 556. |
Parent taxa | Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Polygonum > sect. Duravia | Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Polygonum > sect. Polygonum |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Duravia californica, P. greenei | |
Name authority | Meisner: in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr. 14: 100. (1856) | R. Brown: Prodr., 420. (1810) |
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