Polygonum argyrocoleon |
Polygonum utahense |
|
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Persian knotweed, silver sheath knotweed |
Utah knotweed |
|
Habit | Plants green, heterophyllous. | Herbs. |
Stems | erect or decumbent, branched mostly from base, not wiry, 15–100 cm. |
erect, green, simple or with few branches, not wiry, 1.5–3.5 cm, papillose-scabridulous. |
Leaves | ocrea 4–8 mm, proximal part cylindric, distal part soon disintegrating into curly or straight fibers; petiole 0–1.5 mm; blade bluish green, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 15–50 × 2–8 mm, margins flat, apex acute; stem leaves 2.1–4 times as long as branch leaves; distal leaves abruptly reduced and not overtopping flowers (shorter than or equaling flowers). |
uniformly distributed, articulated to ocreae, basal leaves persistent, distal leaves abruptly reduced to bracts; ocrea 2–3.5 mm, papillose-scabridulous, proximal part funnelform, distal part hyaline, lacerate; petiole absent; blade 1-veined, not pleated, linear-subulate, 6–14 × 1 mm, coriaceous, margins revolute, touching along midrib, apex acute, mucronate, papillose. |
Inflorescence(s) | axillary and terminal, spikelike; cymes aggregated at tips of stems and branches, 4–6-flowered, bracts inconspicuous. |
axillary and terminal, spikelike, dense; cymes overlapping, starting almost from stem base, 2–4-flowered. |
Pedicels | enclosed in ocreae, 1–2 mm. |
enclosed in ocreae, erect to spreading, 0.4–1 mm. |
Flowers | closed; perianth 1.8–2.4 mm; tube 10–22% of perianth length; tepals overlapping, green or white, usually with pink, rarely red or white, margins, petaloid, not keeled, oblong to obovate, cucullate; midveins usually unbranched; stamens 7–8. |
open; perianth 2–2.5 mm; tube 20–25% of perianth length; tepals overlapping, uniformly white, petaloid, oblong to widely obovate, cucullate, navicular in distal 1/4, apex rounded; midveins branched; stamens 8. |
Achenes | enclosed in perianth, brown, ovate, 3-gonous, 1.3–2.3 mm, faces subequal, slightly concave, apex not beaked, with concave edges, shiny, smooth; late-season achenes unknown. |
enclosed in perianth, black, elliptic, 1.5–2 mm, faces subequal, shiny, smooth. |
Polygonum argyrocoleon |
Polygonum utahense |
|
Phenology | Flowering May–Oct. | Flowering Jul–Sep. |
Habitat | Fields, gardens, disturbed sites, often in saline soils | Dry, sandy ravines, rocky Navajo sandstone spur |
Elevation | 0-1200 m (0-3900 ft) | 2300 m (7500 ft) |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; CO; FL; ID; LA; MA; MO; NC; NM; NV; TX; UT; VT; WV; c Asia [Introduced in North America]
|
UT |
Discussion | Polygonum utahense has been treated as a synonym of P. sawatchense by some authors (e.g., S. L. Welsh et al. 1987; J. T. Kartesz and C. A. Meacham 1999). Its perianth morphology suggests a relationship with P. cascadense, from which it differs in its dwarf habit and uniformly papillose leaves with margins revolute, touching along midribs. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
|
Source | FNA vol. 5, p. 560. | FNA vol. 5, p. 571. |
Parent taxa | Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Polygonum > sect. Polygonum | Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Polygonum > sect. Duravia |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | P. douglasii var. utahense | |
Name authority | Steudel ex Kunze: Linnaea 20: 17. (1847) | Brenckle & Cottam: Bull. Univ. Utah, Biol. Ser. 4(4): 3, plate 1. (1940) |
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