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Persian knotweed, silver sheath knotweed

Utah knotweed

Habit Plants green, heterophyllous. Herbs.
Stems

erect or decumbent, branched mostly from base, not wiry, 15–100 cm.

erect, green, simple or with few branches, not wiry, 1.5–3.5 cm, papillose-scabridulous.

Leaves

ocrea 4–8 mm, proximal part cylindric, distal part soon disintegrating into curly or straight fibers;

petiole 0–1.5 mm;

blade bluish green, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 15–50 × 2–8 mm, margins flat, apex acute;

stem leaves 2.1–4 times as long as branch leaves;

distal leaves abruptly reduced and not overtopping flowers (shorter than or equaling flowers).

uniformly distributed, articulated to ocreae, basal leaves persistent, distal leaves abruptly reduced to bracts;

ocrea 2–3.5 mm, papillose-scabridulous, proximal part funnelform, distal part hyaline, lacerate;

petiole absent;

blade 1-veined, not pleated, linear-subulate, 6–14 × 1 mm, coriaceous, margins revolute, touching along midrib, apex acute, mucronate, papillose.

Inflorescence(s)

axillary and terminal, spikelike;

cymes aggregated at tips of stems and branches, 4–6-flowered, bracts inconspicuous.

axillary and terminal, spikelike, dense;

cymes overlapping, starting almost from stem base, 2–4-flowered.

Pedicels

enclosed in ocreae, 1–2 mm.

enclosed in ocreae, erect to spreading, 0.4–1 mm.

Flowers

closed;

perianth 1.8–2.4 mm;

tube 10–22% of perianth length;

tepals overlapping, green or white, usually with pink, rarely red or white, margins, petaloid, not keeled, oblong to obovate, cucullate;

midveins usually unbranched;

stamens 7–8.

open;

perianth 2–2.5 mm;

tube 20–25% of perianth length;

tepals overlapping, uniformly white, petaloid, oblong to widely obovate, cucullate, navicular in distal 1/4, apex rounded;

midveins branched;

stamens 8.

Achenes

enclosed in perianth, brown, ovate, 3-gonous, 1.3–2.3 mm, faces subequal, slightly concave, apex not beaked, with concave edges, shiny, smooth; late-season achenes unknown.

enclosed in perianth, black, elliptic, 1.5–2 mm, faces subequal, shiny, smooth.

Polygonum argyrocoleon

Polygonum utahense

Phenology Flowering May–Oct. Flowering Jul–Sep.
Habitat Fields, gardens, disturbed sites, often in saline soils Dry, sandy ravines, rocky Navajo sandstone spur
Elevation 0-1200 m (0-3900 ft) 2300 m (7500 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; CA; CO; FL; ID; LA; MA; MO; NC; NM; NV; TX; UT; VT; WV; c Asia [Introduced in North America]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
UT
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Polygonum utahense has been treated as a synonym of P. sawatchense by some authors (e.g., S. L. Welsh et al. 1987; J. T. Kartesz and C. A. Meacham 1999). Its perianth morphology suggests a relationship with P. cascadense, from which it differs in its dwarf habit and uniformly papillose leaves with margins revolute, touching along midribs.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 5, p. 560. FNA vol. 5, p. 571.
Parent taxa Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Polygonum > sect. Polygonum Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Polygonum > sect. Duravia
Sibling taxa
P. achoreum, P. austiniae, P. aviculare, P. bidwelliae, P. bolanderi, P. californicum, P. cascadense, P. douglasii, P. engelmannii, P. erectum, P. fowleri, P. glaucum, P. heterosepalum, P. hickmanii, P. humifusum, P. majus, P. marinense, P. minimum, P. nuttallii, P. oxyspermum, P. paronychia, P. parryi, P. patulum, P. plebeium, P. polygaloides, P. ramosissimum, P. sawatchense, P. shastense, P. spergulariiforme, P. striatulum, P. tenue, P. utahense
P. achoreum, P. argyrocoleon, P. austiniae, P. aviculare, P. bidwelliae, P. bolanderi, P. californicum, P. cascadense, P. douglasii, P. engelmannii, P. erectum, P. fowleri, P. glaucum, P. heterosepalum, P. hickmanii, P. humifusum, P. majus, P. marinense, P. minimum, P. nuttallii, P. oxyspermum, P. paronychia, P. parryi, P. patulum, P. plebeium, P. polygaloides, P. ramosissimum, P. sawatchense, P. shastense, P. spergulariiforme, P. striatulum, P. tenue
Synonyms P. douglasii var. utahense
Name authority Steudel ex Kunze: Linnaea 20: 17. (1847) Brenckle & Cottam: Bull. Univ. Utah, Biol. Ser. 4(4): 3, plate 1. (1940)
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