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Persian knotweed, silver sheath knotweed

common knotweed

Habit Plants green, heterophyllous. Plants bluish green, homophyllous.
Stems

erect or decumbent, branched mostly from base, not wiry, 15–100 cm.

prostrate, much-branched from base, not wiry, 10–40 cm, papillose-scabridulous.

Leaves

ocrea 4–8 mm, proximal part cylindric, distal part soon disintegrating into curly or straight fibers;

petiole 0–1.5 mm;

blade bluish green, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 15–50 × 2–8 mm, margins flat, apex acute;

stem leaves 2.1–4 times as long as branch leaves;

distal leaves abruptly reduced and not overtopping flowers (shorter than or equaling flowers).

ocrea 1-veined, 2.5–3 mm, proximal part cylindric, distal part laciniate;

petiole 0–1 mm;

blade bluish green, narrowly elliptic or oblanceolate, 5–16 × 1–4 mm, margins flat, apex obtuse or acute, papillose-scabridulous;

stem leaves 1–1.5(–2) times longer than adjacent branch leaves, distal leaves overtopping flowers.

Inflorescence(s)

axillary and terminal, spikelike;

cymes aggregated at tips of stems and branches, 4–6-flowered, bracts inconspicuous.

axillary;

cymes uniformly distributed, 3–6-flowered.

Pedicels

enclosed in ocreae, 1–2 mm.

exserted from ocreae, 3–5 mm.

Flowers

closed;

perianth 1.8–2.4 mm;

tube 10–22% of perianth length;

tepals overlapping, green or white, usually with pink, rarely red or white, margins, petaloid, not keeled, oblong to obovate, cucullate;

midveins usually unbranched;

stamens 7–8.

closed;

perianth 1–1.5 mm;

tube 12–27% of perianth length;

tepals overlapping, green with white or pink margins, petaloid, not keeled, elliptic, cucullate;

midveins unbranched, thickened;

stamens 5.

Achenes

enclosed in perianth, brown, ovate, 3-gonous, 1.3–2.3 mm, faces subequal, slightly concave, apex not beaked, with concave edges, shiny, smooth; late-season achenes unknown.

enclosed in perianth, black-brown, broadly ovate, 2–3-gonous, 1.5–2 mm, faces subequal, apex not beaked, edges concave, shiny, smooth; late-season achenes common, 2–4 mm.

2n

= 20.

Polygonum argyrocoleon

Polygonum plebeium

Phenology Flowering May–Oct. Flowering May–Oct.
Habitat Fields, gardens, disturbed sites, often in saline soils Disturbed sites
Elevation 0-1200 m (0-3900 ft) 50-500 m (200-1600 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; CA; CO; FL; ID; LA; MA; MO; NC; NM; NV; TX; UT; VT; WV; c Asia [Introduced in North America]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
ID; e Africa; s Asia; Australia [Introduced in North America]
[BONAP county map]
Source FNA vol. 5, p. 560. FNA vol. 5, p. 556.
Parent taxa Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Polygonum > sect. Polygonum Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Polygonum > sect. Polygonum
Sibling taxa
P. achoreum, P. austiniae, P. aviculare, P. bidwelliae, P. bolanderi, P. californicum, P. cascadense, P. douglasii, P. engelmannii, P. erectum, P. fowleri, P. glaucum, P. heterosepalum, P. hickmanii, P. humifusum, P. majus, P. marinense, P. minimum, P. nuttallii, P. oxyspermum, P. paronychia, P. parryi, P. patulum, P. plebeium, P. polygaloides, P. ramosissimum, P. sawatchense, P. shastense, P. spergulariiforme, P. striatulum, P. tenue, P. utahense
P. achoreum, P. argyrocoleon, P. austiniae, P. aviculare, P. bidwelliae, P. bolanderi, P. californicum, P. cascadense, P. douglasii, P. engelmannii, P. erectum, P. fowleri, P. glaucum, P. heterosepalum, P. hickmanii, P. humifusum, P. majus, P. marinense, P. minimum, P. nuttallii, P. oxyspermum, P. paronychia, P. parryi, P. patulum, P. polygaloides, P. ramosissimum, P. sawatchense, P. shastense, P. spergulariiforme, P. striatulum, P. tenue, P. utahense
Name authority Steudel ex Kunze: Linnaea 20: 17. (1847) R. Brown: Prodr., 420. (1810)
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