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beak-seed knotweed, Blake's knotweed, leathery knotweed, renouée coriace, striate knotweed

knotweed, sharp-fruit knotweed

Habit Plants light green (often covered with whitish powdery mildew), homophyllous or, sometimes, heterophyllous. Plants green to blue-green, homophyllous.
Stems

erect when young, decumbent or prostrate later, moderately branched especially from base, not wiry, 50–70 cm.

prostrate to ascending, branched at proximal and middle nodes, not wiry, 20–100 cm.

Leaves

ocreae 5–12 mm, proximal part cylindric, distal part soon disintegrating into brown fibers;

petiole 0.3–1.5 mm;

blade light yellowish green, elliptic to obovate, 8–35 × 3–15 mm, margins flat, apex rounded;

stem leaves 1–2.1(–3) times longer than branch leaves;

distal leaves overtopping flowers.

ocrea 6.5–12 mm, proximal part cylindric, pruinose, distal part hyaline, soon disintegrating into brown fibers or nearly completely deciduous;

petiole 0–1 mm;

blade green to bluish green, elliptic-lanceolate to linear, 10–35 × 1.5–15 mm, margins flat or narrowly revolute, apex acute;

middle stem leaves slightly larger than adjacent branch leaves, distal leaves overtopping flowers.

Inflorescences

axillary, cymes in axils of most leaves and toward tips of stems and branchs, 1–3(–5)-flowered.

axillary, cymes uniformly distributed, 2–7-flowered.

Pedicels

enclosed in ocreae, 1.3–1.8(–2) mm.

exserted from ocreae, 2.5–5(–7) mm.

Flowers

closed;

perianth 2.6–4 mm;

tube 40–55% of perianth length;

tepals incurved, yellow-green with yellow to green, rarely pinkish, margins, sepaloid, ± keeled, narrowly oblong, cucullate;

midveins unbranched, moderately to heavily thickened, tepals appearing keeled;

stamens 5–8.

semi-open;

perianth 3.5–5.5 mm;

tube 28–39% of perianth length;

tepals slightly overlapping, green, margins white to pink, petaloid, not keeled, oblong to obovate, not cucullate;

veins branched;

stamens 8.

Achenes

enclosed in perianth, yellow-green to tan, ovate, 3-gonous, 2.4–3.5 mm, faces unequal, apex not beaked, edges concave or nearly straight, dull, uniformly tubercled; late-season achenes common, 3–5 mm.

exserted from perianth, pale brown to dark brown, ovate, 3-gonous, (3.5–)4.1–5.5(–6.5) mm, faces subequal, apex not beaked, edges straight, shiny, smooth or with fine tubercles especially toward apex; late-season achenes unknown.

2n

= 40, 60.

Polygonum achoreum

Polygonum oxyspermum

Phenology Flowering Jul–Sep.
Habitat Disturbed areas, roadsides, sidewalks, edges of cultivated fields
Elevation 10-800 m (0-2600 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AK; CO; CT; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; ND; NE; NV; NY; OH; OR; SD; UT; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NS; NT; ON; QC; SK; YT
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
ME; NB; NF; NS; PE; QC; Europe
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Polygonum achoreum frequently is confused with P. erectum. It can be distinguished by its usually homophyllous leaves, its perianth, which is enlarged at the base and constricted above the fruit, its longer perianth tube, and its yellow-green to tan, tubercled achenes.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Subspecies 3 (2 in the flora).

The treatment by D. A. Webb and A. O. Chater (1963) of the Polygonum oxyspermum complex is followed here. T. Karlsson (2000) accepted P. raii and P. oxyspermum as distinct species.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Ocreae with prominent veins, distal part disintegrating, veins persistent; leaf blades 5-8 times as long as wide; achenes 4.1-5.5(-6.5) mm, exserted 1-2.5 mm from perianth
subsp. oxyspermum
1. Ocreae without prominent veins, distal part disintegrating, nearly completely deciduous; leaf blades 3.5-5 times as long as wide; achene (3.5-)4-5 mm, exserted 0.5-1.3(-1.8) mm from perianth
subsp. raii
Source FNA vol. 5, p. 551. FNA vol. 5, p. 554.
Parent taxa Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Polygonum > sect. Polygonum Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Polygonum > sect. Polygonum
Sibling taxa
P. argyrocoleon, P. austiniae, P. aviculare, P. bidwelliae, P. bolanderi, P. californicum, P. cascadense, P. douglasii, P. engelmannii, P. erectum, P. fowleri, P. glaucum, P. heterosepalum, P. hickmanii, P. humifusum, P. majus, P. marinense, P. minimum, P. nuttallii, P. oxyspermum, P. paronychia, P. parryi, P. patulum, P. plebeium, P. polygaloides, P. ramosissimum, P. sawatchense, P. shastense, P. spergulariiforme, P. striatulum, P. tenue, P. utahense
P. achoreum, P. argyrocoleon, P. austiniae, P. aviculare, P. bidwelliae, P. bolanderi, P. californicum, P. cascadense, P. douglasii, P. engelmannii, P. erectum, P. fowleri, P. glaucum, P. heterosepalum, P. hickmanii, P. humifusum, P. majus, P. marinense, P. minimum, P. nuttallii, P. paronychia, P. parryi, P. patulum, P. plebeium, P. polygaloides, P. ramosissimum, P. sawatchense, P. shastense, P. spergulariiforme, P. striatulum, P. tenue, P. utahense
Subordinate taxa
P. oxyspermum subsp. oxyspermum, P. oxyspermum subsp. raii
Synonyms P. erectum subsp. achoreum
Name authority S. F. Blake: Rhodora 19: 232. (1917) C. A. Meyer & Bunge ex Ledebour: Index Seminum (Dorpat) 1824: 5. (1824)
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