Polygonum achoreum |
Polygonum oxyspermum |
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beak-seed knotweed, Blake's knotweed, leathery knotweed, renouée coriace, striate knotweed |
knotweed, sharp-fruit knotweed |
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Habit | Plants light green (often covered with whitish powdery mildew), homophyllous or, sometimes, heterophyllous. | Plants green to blue-green, homophyllous. | ||||
Stems | erect when young, decumbent or prostrate later, moderately branched especially from base, not wiry, 50–70 cm. |
prostrate to ascending, branched at proximal and middle nodes, not wiry, 20–100 cm. |
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Leaves | ocreae 5–12 mm, proximal part cylindric, distal part soon disintegrating into brown fibers; petiole 0.3–1.5 mm; blade light yellowish green, elliptic to obovate, 8–35 × 3–15 mm, margins flat, apex rounded; stem leaves 1–2.1(–3) times longer than branch leaves; distal leaves overtopping flowers. |
ocrea 6.5–12 mm, proximal part cylindric, pruinose, distal part hyaline, soon disintegrating into brown fibers or nearly completely deciduous; petiole 0–1 mm; blade green to bluish green, elliptic-lanceolate to linear, 10–35 × 1.5–15 mm, margins flat or narrowly revolute, apex acute; middle stem leaves slightly larger than adjacent branch leaves, distal leaves overtopping flowers. |
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Inflorescences | axillary, cymes in axils of most leaves and toward tips of stems and branchs, 1–3(–5)-flowered. |
axillary, cymes uniformly distributed, 2–7-flowered. |
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Pedicels | enclosed in ocreae, 1.3–1.8(–2) mm. |
exserted from ocreae, 2.5–5(–7) mm. |
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Flowers | closed; perianth 2.6–4 mm; tube 40–55% of perianth length; tepals incurved, yellow-green with yellow to green, rarely pinkish, margins, sepaloid, ± keeled, narrowly oblong, cucullate; midveins unbranched, moderately to heavily thickened, tepals appearing keeled; stamens 5–8. |
semi-open; perianth 3.5–5.5 mm; tube 28–39% of perianth length; tepals slightly overlapping, green, margins white to pink, petaloid, not keeled, oblong to obovate, not cucullate; veins branched; stamens 8. |
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Achenes | enclosed in perianth, yellow-green to tan, ovate, 3-gonous, 2.4–3.5 mm, faces unequal, apex not beaked, edges concave or nearly straight, dull, uniformly tubercled; late-season achenes common, 3–5 mm. |
exserted from perianth, pale brown to dark brown, ovate, 3-gonous, (3.5–)4.1–5.5(–6.5) mm, faces subequal, apex not beaked, edges straight, shiny, smooth or with fine tubercles especially toward apex; late-season achenes unknown. |
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2n | = 40, 60. |
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Polygonum achoreum |
Polygonum oxyspermum |
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Phenology | Flowering Jul–Sep. | |||||
Habitat | Disturbed areas, roadsides, sidewalks, edges of cultivated fields | |||||
Elevation | 10-800 m (0-2600 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
AK; CO; CT; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; ND; NE; NV; NY; OH; OR; SD; UT; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NS; NT; ON; QC; SK; YT
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ME; NB; NF; NS; PE; QC; Europe |
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Discussion | Polygonum achoreum frequently is confused with P. erectum. It can be distinguished by its usually homophyllous leaves, its perianth, which is enlarged at the base and constricted above the fruit, its longer perianth tube, and its yellow-green to tan, tubercled achenes. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Subspecies 3 (2 in the flora). The treatment by D. A. Webb and A. O. Chater (1963) of the Polygonum oxyspermum complex is followed here. T. Karlsson (2000) accepted P. raii and P. oxyspermum as distinct species. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 5, p. 551. | FNA vol. 5, p. 554. | ||||
Parent taxa | Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Polygonum > sect. Polygonum | Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Polygonum > sect. Polygonum | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | P. erectum subsp. achoreum | |||||
Name authority | S. F. Blake: Rhodora 19: 232. (1917) | C. A. Meyer & Bunge ex Ledebour: Index Seminum (Dorpat) 1824: 5. (1824) | ||||
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